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Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity technical

2024 VA March Democratic Primary Election DAL File Metrics

Below you will find the current summary data and graphics from the VA 2024 Democratic Primary Election Daily Absentee List files. We pull the DAL file everyday and track the count of each specific ballot category in each daily file.

Note: Page may take a moment to load the graphics objects.

Linear Scale Plot:

Place your cursor over the series name in the legend at right to see the series highlighted in the graphic. Place your cursor over a specific data point to see that data points value.

Logarithmic Scale Plot:

The logarithmic plot is the same underlying data as the linear scale plot, except with a logarithmic y-scale in order to be able to compress the dynamic range and see the shape of all of the data curves in a single graphic. Place your cursor over the series name in the legend at right to see the series highlighted in the graphic. Place your cursor over a specific data point to see that data points value.

Summary Data Table:
Print  CSV  Copy  

The underlying data for the graphics above is provided in the summary data table.

Additional Data:

Additional CSV datasets stratified by Locality, City, Congressional District, State House District, State Senate District, and Precinct are available here.

Data column descriptions:
  • ISSUED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “ISSUED”
  • NOT_ISSUED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “NOT ISSUED”
  • PROVISIONAL” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “PROVISIONAL” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • DELETED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “DELETED”
  • MARKED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “MARKED” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • ON_MACHINE” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “ON_MACHINE” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • PRE_PROCESSED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “PRE-PROCESSED” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • FWAB” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “FWAB” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • MAIL_IN” := The sum of “MARKED” + “PRE_PROCESSED”
  • COUNTABLE” := The sum of “PROVISIONAL” + “MARKED” + “PRE_PROCESSED” + “ON_MACHINE” + “FWAB”
  • MILITARY” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “MILITARY”
  • OVERSEAS” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “OVERSEAS”
  • TEMPORARY” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “TEMPORARY”
  • MILITARY_COUNTABLE” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “MILITARY” and where COUNTABLE is True
  • OVERSEAS_COUNTABLE” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “OVERSEAS” and where COUNTABLE is True
  • TEMPORARY_COUNTABLE” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “TEMPORARY” and where COUNTABLE is True

All data purchased by Electoral Process Education Corp. (EPEC) from the VA Dept of Elections (ELECT). All processing performed by EPEC.

If you like the work that EPEC is doing, please support us with a donation.

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Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity programming technical Uncategorized

Records of Early Ballots Cast Do Not Have Corresponding Registration Records in VA 2023 General Election Data

Update (2023-12-14 12:00:00 EST) : Special thank you to Rick Michael of the Chesterfield Electoral board for checking their records on issues #1 and #2 below. There were 3 x Issue #1 records and 9 x Issue #2 records identified in Chesterfield County.

According to Rick, the records in question were populated and visible when looking via the electronic VERIS (the states election database) login available to the Registrar. The 3 x Issue #1 records can be found and are Active records in the electronic system, and the 9 x Issue #2 records had an update that moved the records from Inactive to Active that were not reflected in the data supplied to us.

That implies that the data that we purchased (for approximately $12,000) directly from the department of elections is inaccurate and incomplete. Our initial purchase and download of the June 30 Registered Voter List (RVL) database does not show the registrants identified in Issue #1, even though the Registrar can see them in their electronic terminal. And our Monthly Update Subscription (MUS) we receive is missing the updates showing the registrant records identified in Issue #2 being moved from Inactive to Active status.

The department of elections is required by federal law (NVRA, HAVA) to keep and maintain accurate election records AND to make those records accessible for inspection and verification, and for use by candidates and political parties. Additionally, we have paid (twice!) for this data; once as taxpayers, and once again as a 501c3 entity. If the data we, and other campaigns and candidates are receiving is not representative of the actual records in the database, incomplete and inaccurate … that needs to be addressed and fixed.

Summary:
  • Issue #1: There are 99 records of ballots cast, according to the VA Department of Elections (ELECT) Daily Absentee List (DAL) data file that do not have corresponding voter ID listed in Registered Voter List (RVL) data.
  • Issue #2: There are 380 records of ballots cast in the DAL where the corresponding RVL record has been listed as “Inactive” since June-30-2023 and no modification to the RVL record has taken place.
  • Issue #3: There are 18 records of ballots cast in the DAL where the corresponding RVL record is listed as “Inactive” as of Dec-01-2023, but there has been previous modifications to the RVL record since June-30-2023.
  • We are currently reaching out in attempts to contact the VA AG’s office and to provide them the details of this analysis in order to have these anomalies further investigated.
Data files utilized for this analysis:

Our 501c3 EPEC purchased and downloaded the full statewide VA RVL on June-30-2023 from ELECT. We additionally purchased the Monthly Update Service (MUS) package from ELECT, where on the 1st of each month we are provided a list of all of the changes that have occurred to the RVL in the previous month. By applying these changes to our baseline data file, we are able to update our copy of the RVL to reflect the latest state as per ELECT. We can also create a cumulative record of all entries associated with a particular voter ID by simply concatenating all of these datafiles.

Additionally, during the VA 2023 General Election, we purchased access to the Daily Absentee List (DAL) file generated by ELECT that documents all of the transactions associated with early mail-in or in-person voting during the 45 day early voting period. The DAL file we utilized for this analysis was downloaded from ELECT on Nov-13-2023 at 6am EST.

Identification of ballots cast via the DAL file can be performed by checking for rows of the DAL data table that have the APP_STATUS field set to “Approved” and have the BALLOT_STATUS field set to any of the following: “Marked” | “Pre-Processed” | “On Machine” | “FWAB” | “Provisional”.

Once cast ballots are identified in the DAL, the Voter Identification Number can be used to lookup all of the corresponding records in our cumulative RVL data. The data issues summarized above can be directly observed using this process. Due to VA law, we cannot publish the full specific records here in this blog but have summarized, captured and described our process and results.

For Issue #1: If there does not exist a corresponding registration record for cast ballots, then the voter should not have been able to have their mail-in ballot approved or issued, or been able to check-in to an early voting precinct to vote on-machine. If the voter record actually does exists, then why is it not reflected in the data that we purchased from ELECT. Note that all provisional and Same Day Registration (SDR) ballots were required to be entered into the states database (“VERIS”) by the Friday after the election (Fri Nov-10-2023). We specifically waited until we received the Dec-01-2023 MUS data update from ELECT to attempt to perform this or similar analysis in order to ensure that we would not be missing any last minute registrations or RVL updates.

For Issue #2: There are 380 records of ballots being cast in the DAL where the baseline June-30-2023 RVL data file shows the registrant as inactive, and there has been no modifications or adjustments to the record presented in the MUS data files. Therefore these registrants should still have been listed as “Inactive” during the early voting period which started in September through Election Day (Nov 7).

For issue #3: There are 18 records that show the cast ballot is from a registrant that is currently listed as “Inactive” but there has been adjustments to the registration record over the last 6 months. An example of such is below. Note that I have captured the MUS data file generation dates in the 5th column to note when the file was generated and received by us.

In the example given below, the first invalidation operation on the registration record appears in the MUS file dated Sep-01, with the earliest transaction date listed as Aug-29-2023. The ballot application was not received until Sept 26 according to the DAL, so the application should never have been approved or the ballot issued as the registrant status should have been “Invalid” according to the states own data.

(Also … yes … I know there is a typo in the spelling of “APP_RECIEPT_DATE” in the tables below … but this is the data as it comes from ELECT).

APP_RECIEPT_DATEAPP_STATUSBALLOT_RECEIPT_DATEBALLOT_STATUS
“2023-09-26 00:00:00”Approved“2023-10-19 00:00:00”Pre-Processed
Example Extract of a DAL data record for a mail-in ballot cast during early voting.
TRANSACTIONDATETRANSACTIONTIMETrans_TypeNVRAReasonCodeFile Source
30-June-202312:12:00BASELINEBASELINEBaseline RVL
28-Jul-202309:34:03MODIFYChange OutMUS 08/01/2023
28-Jul-202309:34:04MODIFYAddress ChangeMUS 08/01/2023
28-Jul-202309:34:04MODIFYChange InMUS 09/01/2023
28-Jul-202309:34:03MODIFYChange OutMUS 09/01/2023
28-Jul-202309:34:04MODIFYAddress ChangeMUS 09/01/2023
28-Jul-202309:34:04MODIFYChange InMUS 09/01/2023
29-Aug-202311:55:49MODIFYInactivateMUS 09/01/2023
29-Aug-202311:55:49MODIFYInactivateMUS 10/01/2023
Extract of RVL Cumulative Data Records for Voter ID in above DAL entry
Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity technical

2023 VA General Election DAL File Metrics

Below you will find the current summary data and graphics from the VA 2023 General Election Daily Absentee List files. We pull the DAL file everyday and track the count of each specific ballot category in each daily file.

Note: Page may take a moment to load the graphics objects.

Linear Scale Plot:

Place your cursor over the series name in the legend at right to see the series highlighted in the graphic. Place your cursor over a specific data point to see that data points value.

Logarithmic Scale Plot:

The logarithmic plot is the same underlying data as the linear scale plot, except with a logarithmic y-scale in order to be able to compress the dynamic range and see the shape of all of the data curves in a single graphic. Place your cursor over the series name in the legend at right to see the series highlighted in the graphic. Place your cursor over a specific data point to see that data points value.

Summary Data Table:

The underlying data for the graphics above is provided in the summary data table.

Additional Data:

Additional CSV datasets stratified by Locality, City, Congressional District, State House District, State Senate District, and Precinct are available here.

Data column descriptions:
  • ISSUED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “ISSUED”
  • NOT_ISSUED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “NOT ISSUED”
  • PROVISIONAL” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “PROVISIONAL” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • DELETED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “DELETED”
  • MARKED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “MARKED” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • ON_MACHINE” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “ON_MACHINE” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • PRE_PROCESSED” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “PRE-PROCESSED” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • FWAB” := Number of DAL file records where BALLOT_STATUS= “FWAB” and APP_STATUS=”APPROVED”
  • MAIL_IN” := The sum of “MARKED” + “PRE_PROCESSED”
  • COUNTABLE” := The sum of “PROVISIONAL” + “MARKED” + “PRE_PROCESSED” + “ON_MACHINE” + “FWAB”
  • MILITARY” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “MILITARY”
  • OVERSEAS” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “OVERSEAS”
  • TEMPORARY” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “TEMPORARY”
  • MILITARY_COUNTABLE” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “MILITARY” and where COUNTABLE is True
  • OVERSEAS_COUNTABLE” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “OVERSEAS” and where COUNTABLE is True
  • TEMPORARY_COUNTABLE” := Number of DAL file records where VOTER_TYPE= “TEMPORARY” and where COUNTABLE is True
Editorial Note:

When we first started receiving DAL data files on Sept-14-2023 after our purchase from ELECT, we noticed that there were a dozen or so records that were marked as being in a countable state, including records that should correspond to In-Person-Early votes. This is problematic as in person early voting facilities were not opened until Sept-22-2023. We respectfully raised this issue with the dept of elections and they acknowledged the error and directed registrars to correct the issues before the official start of early voting. (This can be observed in the logarithmic plot with the Overseas_Countable, On-Machine, Provisional, and Pre-Processed counts being reset to 0 on 9-21-2023.) We’d like to take a moment to thank the folks at ELECT and the registrars for listening to our concerns and correcting these errors before the start of early voting. Credit where credit is due.


All data purchased by Electoral Process Education Corp. (EPEC) from the VA Dept of Elections (ELECT). All processing performed by EPEC.

If you like the work that EPEC is doing, please support us with a donation.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting mathematics technical

VA voter registrations greater than census determined eligible voters

One of our volunteers brought to our attention the following press release: https://www.honestelections.org/honest-elections-project-supports-new-pre-litigation-notices-against-arizona-and-virginia/. They claim that “… 43 counties and independent cities in Virginia and four counties in Arizona claim to have more voters than voting-age adult citizens.”

Attempt to directly validate the claim

After reading through the press release we decided to independently try to verify the claims in the release. Note that an analysis like this has been on our list of things-to-do, but there are only so many hours in the day! The fact this press release was issued gave us a well deserved prod to complete this analysis.

EPEC has purchased the entire statewide registered voter list data from the VA Department of Elections (ELECT) and has current records as of 2023-08-01. Eligible parties can purchase data from ELECT via their website here.

The necessary data from the US Census office can be downloaded here and included the estimates of the eligible voting age citizens in each county. From the documentation on the census site, the “cvap_est” field in the census data represents “The rounded estimate of the total number of United States citizens 18 years of age or older for that geographic area and group.”

It is therefore a straightforward process to accumulate the number of registrant records in each county, as well as accumulating the number of eligible voting age citizens and compute the registration percent “REG_PCT” as (# Registered / # Eligible * 100). The below table has the results of this direct computation for each county.

The results are only slightly different than the results presented by Honest Elections Project, but still show significant issues with 38 counties being over 100%.

Adjusting for population growth since 2020 census

As the census redistricting data is circa 2020, and the eligible voter data was estimated for 2021, we can attempt to account for population shifts since the 2020 census data was collected and the voter eligibility data was computed. The US Census bureau also makes available the estimates of population growth by county year-over-year since the date of the last census here, which we can use to find the recent rates of growth or decline for each county. We can then use these rates to adjust the number of eligible voter estimates to scale with the most recent rates of population change. This is admittedly an approximation and assumes a linear relationship, but it is arguably better than taking the 2020 census and 2021 eligible voter estimates and applying them directly to the latest (2023) RVL.

The REG_PCT_ADJ column in the table below represents this adjusted estimate.

Active vs inactive registrations

An additional consideration that can be made with this data, is to attempt to consider only “Active” voter registrations vs registrations with any status assigned. Note that “Inactive” voter registrations can be immediately returned to “Active” status by simply having any type of interaction with the department of elections (or through DMV, etc), and the registrant will then be allowed to vote. Because of this easy ability to change “Inactive” records to “Active”, it is most appropriate (IMO) to include them in this analysis. However, for completeness, and in order to bound the scope of the issue, the corresponding REG_PCT_ACTIVE and REG_PCT_ADJ_ACTIVE columns have also been computed which only consider “Active” voters.

Results

Even the most forgiving analysis we could compute with the official data from US Census and VA ELECT, which only considers active voters and attempts to adjust for population change since the census, still results in multiple (6) counties in VA having more than 100% registered voters than eligible voters, and many counties that had over 90%.

The most appropriate metric to consider, in my opinion, is the Adjusted and either Active or Inactive status results, as inactive status registrations can still be converted to active status and voted. There were 36 localities with over 100% in this category and 59 between 90% and 100%. There are 133 voting localities in total in VA.

The summary tabulated data and graphics for each of the methods of analyzing the data is presented below.

Tabulated Data Results:
LOCALITY_NAMEN_REGN_REG_ACTIVEN_ELIGIBLEN_ELIGIBLE_ADJREG_PCTREG_PCT_ADJREG_PCT_ACTIVEREG_PCT_ADJ_ACTIVE
GOOCHLAND COUNTY22032213081984020314.622534217111.048387096774108.453897988458107.399193548387104.889962705976
LOUDOUN COUNTY291468272527259775261988.121593707112.200173226831111.252372140753104.908863439515104.022655050994
FAIRFAX CITY17867165781589016179.2525931696112.441787287602110.431553603056104.32976714915102.464560118177
SURRY COUNTY5635544953255327.44865113427105.821596244131105.772957545076102.328638497653102.281605264085
NEW KENT COUNTY19258186861754518281.8036615372109.763465374751105.339715689632106.503277286976102.210921558649
KING WILLIAM COUNTY14025135921338013590.9343586927104.820627802691103.193788078519101.584454409567100.007840824473
MATHEWS COUNTY7353709271457099.01111761264102.911126662001103.57780651670299.2582225332499.9012381091326
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY9801930694359326.0652878146103.879173290938105.09255186971498.632750397456399.7848472298299
HANOVER COUNTY86583838008328084111.898838322103.96613832853102.937873470706100.62439961575499.6291858314583
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY6194595259455996.95979561651104.188393608074103.285668256898100.11774600504699.250290194552
JAMES CITY COUNTY63840604186010061066.3951247591106.222961730449104.541949577299100.52911813643998.9382128690675
FAUQUIER COUNTY56031528055296553424.3705925266105.788728405551104.87910176304199.697913716605398.840659074394
FALLS CHURCH CITY11130102531034510373.4476832119107.588206863219107.29316173264799.110681488641998.8388847479627
ACCOMACK COUNTY25327241922465024522.1840906366102.74645030426103.2819911407198.141987829614698.6535290273647
CRAIG COUNTY3917374738303807.2210828548102.271540469974102.88343951549397.832898172323898.4182404555912
CHARLES CITY COUNTY5728558457005677.65042979943100.491228070175100.88680292707597.964912280701898.3505425182942
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY31039296652971030281.6797400553104.473241332885102.5009189267199.848535846516397.9635220194221
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY105580100062100440102345.441485999105.117483074472103.16043242086599.623655913978597.7688879418126
LANCASTER COUNTY9201873690658943.53432452276101.50027578599102.87879115945696.370656370656497.6795043548532
CLARKE COUNTY12213114891161011882.4255832663105.193798449612102.78204491513398.957795004306696.6890128576076
POWHATAN COUNTY24346236242419524441.048216348100.6240958875899.611112356938897.640008266170796.6570655680737
LOUISA COUNTY29799287752900529810.5293092847102.73745905878399.961324707907599.207033270125896.5262968042565
FAIRFAX COUNTY784080721354749510747334.300776511104.612346733199104.91690254084596.243412362743796.523603861148
HENRICO COUNTY239597227831236070236137.172406976101.494048375482101.46517702306596.509933494302596.4824799406588
BEDFORD COUNTY62932605996243562871.2603534819100.796027868984100.09660955765397.05934171538496.3858520718266
NELSON COUNTY11827113841195511835.4598.929318276871699.928604320072395.223755750731996.1856118694262
FREDERICK COUNTY68222638686571566439.8543302061103.814958533059102.68234433648397.18937837632296.1290488124432
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY1039599041009010304.4313465051103.022794846383100.87892917570598.156590683845496.1139888942937
POQUOSON CITY9547910995009479.6573875803100.494736842105100.71039078382795.884210526315896.0899706347414
ORANGE COUNTY28633273512786528465.9231224287102.756145702494100.58693644626598.155392068903796.0833059316801
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY317403289258300255301330.510742882105.711145526303105.33384064477796.337446503805195.9935982874356
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY268258253920259725264714.168974025103.285398017134101.3387387005897.764943690441895.9223304835323
STAFFORD COUNTY111503103640106940108128.634023171104.266878623527103.12069601850996.914157471479395.8488016946475
AMELIA COUNTY1018099031028010370.952987928399.027237354085698.158771058449696.332684824902795.4878496848553
BOTETOURT COUNTY26424256712691027035.137004444298.193979933110497.739471398485295.395763656633294.9542071703948
GREENE COUNTY14956144321521515272.161166064398.297732500821697.929820392631694.853762734143994.4987408335423
ALBEMARLE COUNTY84004791078326583844.7847760722100.887527772774100.18989281724995.006305170239694.3493387349904
CULPEPER COUNTY37104354793720037612.219020172999.74193548387198.64879277688995.373655913978594.3283882851241
EMPORIA CITY3987371040353933.8020277481398.8104089219331101.35232967690391.945477075588694.3107958618791
KING AND QUEEN COUNTY5385515754305470.7168566286799.17127071823298.43316956671294.972375690607794.2655256184836
GLOUCESTER COUNTY30265290683058030862.894891518298.969914977109298.062738788374295.055591890124394.1842950966615
WESTMORELAND COUNTY14199136041447014454.550501815198.127159640635898.232041170820394.01520387007694.1156904069188
WARREN COUNTY30580288713036030718.0311057939100.72463768115999.550651194672995.095520421607493.9871435788555
MADISON COUNTY10409100651077010808.602150537696.648096564531196.302924791086493.454038997214593.1202745722244
FLUVANNA COUNTY20994201972141521693.887289995398.034088255895496.773804156721694.312397851972993.0999582048827
KING GEORGE COUNTY19822185771974519984.620303757100.38997214484799.186272737308894.08457837427292.9564821229435
APPOMATTOX COUNTY12256117451241512679.986583729798.719291180024296.656253688203794.603302456705692.6262809699701
ROANOKE COUNTY73141691367480074926.018335727897.782085561497397.617625525315592.42780748663192.2723528297154
SUFFOLK CITY71421654886949571088.6638879661102.77142240449100.46749522899794.234117562414692.1215794732158
HIGHLAND COUNTY1879181519201971.4056224899697.864583333333395.312703715775794.5312592.0662891134289
ARLINGTON COUNTY175053155984169220169528.629042616103.446992081314103.25866550598792.17822952369792.0104178750769
YORK COUNTY50591474655159051709.59579071698.063578212831997.836773284317992.004264392324191.7914736601402
FLOYD COUNTY11879114771242512513.126249274695.605633802816994.932311585113592.370221327967891.7196851639319
SHENANDOAH COUNTY32321309583366033764.368600682696.021984551396395.725172243696591.972667855020891.6883723375006
CUMBERLAND COUNTY7381713477507789.964933993495.238709677419494.75010558508792.051612903225891.579359604933
CAROLINE COUNTY23033218052340023813.572383924698.431623931623996.722153352969893.183760683760791.565430202818
ESSEX COUNTY8291790186108673.6448066717296.295005807200995.588419687449191.765389082462391.0920400374546
MIDDLESEX COUNTY8708830889959137.7910323059896.809338521400895.296554377458692.362423568649290.9191288203865
DINWIDDIE COUNTY20876199322184021966.364513018395.586080586080695.036208598049491.263736263736390.7387291519602
FRANKLIN CITY5877556460606148.7229330708796.98019801980295.580823269667891.815181518151890.4903353194541
CHESAPEAKE CITY176334164440181540182080.13664946697.132312438030296.844171607511290.580588300099290.3118830125735
CHARLOTTE COUNTY8391809990058968.2672279118293.181565796779693.563224497646589.938922820655290.3073001080252
CAMPBELL COUNTY40938390804350543321.159458239394.099528789794394.498855783080889.82875531548190.2099585715667
MECKLENBURG COUNTY22837219072412524290.610561056194.661139896373194.015751240989490.806217616580390.1871113734884
BATH COUNTY3353320735903556.6209933936993.398328690807894.274875119617589.331476323119890.1698552068635
HALIFAX COUNTY25042241782703026938.720303335592.64520902700792.959129899349289.4487606363389.7518505992518
WYTHE COUNTY20849201882258022508.736879432692.33392382639592.626254914600789.40655447298589.6896174500436
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY328860303604342075339791.41743699396.136812102609196.782903606145488.753635898560389.3501084547837
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NORFOLK CITY138210126445184395182802.31049888374.953225412836675.606265381883468.572900566718269.170351104929
MONTGOMERY COUNTY60377545937903079093.969241665476.397570542831876.335782081593169.078830823737869.02296157776
WILLIAMSBURG CITY1012787211298513178.84306220177.989988448209576.842860577389167.162110127069766.174245788033
GREENSVILLE COUNTY6395615495959438.6146161934866.649296508598267.753587364700164.13757165190265.2002465429811
HARRISONBURG CITY25205228333872038443.460777083465.095557851239765.563816291547358.969524793388459.3937162223725
RADFORD CITY917184181431514484.613106033164.065665385958863.31546402285458.805448829898758.1168439804149
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Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Integrity technical

Ballot Completion Rate for VA Absentee Voters

Below is an analysis of the VA statewide voter completion rate for absentee ballots compiled from the 2022 General Election Daily Absentee List (DAL) file downloaded from the VA Dept of Elections (“ELECT”) on 2022-11-15 17:46:21.

The DAL file records the transactions of all absentee ballots during the early voting period in VA elections. It includes records for both mail-in and in-person early voting transactions. It does not record the the actual values of the voted ballots, but the “fact-of” a registered voters checking in to an early voting site, or mailing their ballot application or completed ballot to the registrar, etc. The DAL record is published daily over the course of the early voting period and the file is cumulative.

For the purposes of this analysis a “Completed” ballot is a ballot that has been recorded in the DAL file as reaching a state in which the ballot can be considered to be tabulate-able. A “Completed” ballot must have its “APP_STATUS” field set to “Approved” AND have the “BALLOT_STATUS” field set to (“FWAB” OR “Marked” OR “On Machine” OR “Pre-Processed”).

The “VOTER_TYPE” field was used to separate records into “Military”, “Overseas” or “Temporary(Federal-Only Ballot)” and the ballot completion rate was computed for each sub-category, as well as overall.

All Absentee Voters
Avg Transactions Per Voter1.03
Avg Completion Rate Per Voter91.95%
Num Of Unique Voters1,057,268
Military Voters (VOTER_TYPE==”Military”)
Avg Transactions Per Voter1.08
Avg Completion Rate Per Voter78.60%
Num Of Unique Voters9,346
Overseas Voters (VOTER_TYPE==”Overseas”)
Avg Transactions Per Voter1.17
Avg Completion Rate Per Voter63.63%
Num Of Unique Voters7,052
Temporary Federal Voters (VOTER_TYPE==”Temporary(Federal-Only Ballot)”
Avg Transactions Per Voter1.21
Avg Completion Rate Per Voter61.14%
Num Of Unique Voters1,539
Discussion:

The data above shows that there is a distinct statistical discrepancy in the ability of Military, Overseas, or Temporary Federal Workers to complete their absentee ballots in comparison to standard ballots. These categories of voters are specifically reliant on the Mail-In absentee ballot process, and are demonstrably not having the same ability to have their votes cast and counted as is provided to standard absentee voters.

This discrepancy might be due to any number of potential reasons or mechanisms, which cannot be determined from the DAL data as provided by ELECT. The discrepancy demonstrably exists, though, and it should be investigated and remedied by legislators and officials in order to remedy the comparative disenfranchisement of specific classes of VA voters..

I will note for completeness that the first discovery and observation of this discrepancy was due to the diligent work of a fellow EPEC board member. I independently validated his results and created the scripts to process the data on a statewide basis to produce these tables. As always I am happy to provide the raw data, scripts and results to interested parties that are capable of receiving and handling VA election data according to VA law and the policies of ELECT. Interested parties can contact us to request more information.

Categories
Election Data Analysis programming technical

Changes in number of detected cloned VA voter registration records Nov 2022 – July 2023

BLUF: The number of detected exact (Full Name + DOB) “clone” registration records in the VA Registered Voter List (RVL) file has decreased overall from 2022-11-23 to 2023-07-01, however there are additional new clones still being added to the database.

There has been a concentrated effort by various election integrity groups and public officials around the state of VA to clean up the voter rolls. Specifically the VA Department of Elections (“ELECT”) made a concerted effort in early 2023 to remove and clean up a large number (~19,000) of deceased voters and other errant records. The data below shows that these efforts have made an impact on the number of exact “clones” identified in the database, but that there is still more work to do.

BACKGROUND: This is a continuation of exploratory analysis on the existence of “cloned” records in the VA Registered Voter List. Please see previous posts here, here, here and here for background information.

As a reminder and for the purposes of this analysis, a potential “cloned” record is defined as a record in the VA Registered Voter List (RVL) where the Full Name (First + Middle + Last + Suffix) and full Date of Birth (mm/dd/yyyy) exactly matches another record but they have different Voter Identification Numbers. In my previous analyses I was focusing on the Active registration records that had been identified as clones, but even if a cloned record is marked as Inactive in the database, it still holds the potential to be voted as any interaction with the voter immediately moves the registration from Inactive to Active. Therefore the analysis below includes both Active and Inactive records.

It is important to note and emphasize that this analysis is only specifically focusing on exact clones, and not any other of the number of potential errors that could be represented in a voter database. There are a couple of reasons for this narrow focus:

  1. The detection of exact clones in the database requires no additional data correlations and can operate directly on the data provided from ELECT. It is easily defined and scriptable, and can be replicated by other researchers and public officials for verification.
  2. Due to item (1), the identification of exact clones is a good candidate to track over time as a proxy indicator for issues with the database.
  3. There are some rather interesting non-random distribution patterns of the already observed cloned records that I have previously discussed here, and I am interested in observing and understanding the cause of these distribution shapes.

DETAILS: As we now have collected multiple statewide voter registration lists, I was curious as to how the numbers of detected cloned registrant records have changed over time, specifically with respect to the REGISTRATION_DATE field that is reported in each record.

In Figure 1 below I’ve plotted the number of identified cloned records in the 2022-11-23 RVL stratified by registration date year. Figure 2 is the same plot from the 2023-06-30 RVL file we recently purchased. Figure 3 shows the number of additions, removals and net change in the number of identified cloned records in each date bin between these two datasets, based on the unique set of cloned Voter ID Numbers that fall within each bin.

Figure 1 Distribution of identified cloned records with respect to registration date in the 2022-11-23 Registered Voter List purchased from VA Department of Elections. The total number of identified (First + Middle + Last + Suffix + DOB) clones in the dataset was 2,445.
Figure 2 Distribution of identified cloned records with respect to registration date in the 2023-06-30 Registered Voter List purchased from VA Department of Elections. The total number of identified (First + Middle + Last + Suffix + DOB) clones in the dataset was 1,485.
Figure 3 Differences between the 2023-06-30 and 2022-11-23 RVL datasets.

The total number of identified clones in the 2022-11-23 dataset was 2,445. The total number of identified clones in the 2023-06-30 was 1,485. We can see in Figure 3 that while there has been an overall reduction of 960 in the number of cloned records (which is good!), there are still new clones being added to the voter registration database, even as previously identified clones have been removed. This suggests that there is an ongoing process(es) or mechanism(s) that is continuously adding cloned records to the voter list database.

It is not readily apparent as to what causes the added cloned records. It could be any number of technology issues, such as a poor input verification or coding practices, or related to human error and poor procedures and/or training, or a mixture of issues.

The two full datasets above (2022-11-23 and 2023-06-30) were purchased directly from the department of elections. The lists were parsed, standardized and normalized for string case, known typos, whitespace and punctuation issues, but otherwise the raw data entries were unadjusted.

We also purchased the Monthly Update Subscription (MUS) from ELECT at the time that we ordered the 2023-06-30 RVL. The MUS is generated on a monthly basis and captures the changes to the voter list over the prior month. We received the 2022-07-01 MUS, and applied the changes within it to the full 2023-06-30 RVL that we had received the day before. As the MUS contains all the changes over the previous month, and we had purchased our full dataset the prior day, we did not expect there to be many adjustments required, but there were a few. Applying the MUS to the 2023-06-30 dataset resulted in the generation of an updated 2023-07-01 dataset.

For completeness, the same plots that were generated above for the directly purchased data is repeated below for the updated RVL dataset. Figure 4 plots the number of identified cloned records in the 2023-07-01 RVL stratified by registration date year, and Figure 5 shows the differences with the 2022-06-23 dataset.

Figure 4 Distribution of identified cloned records with respect to registration date in the 2023-07-01 Registered Voter List generated from the purchased 2023-06-30 RVL and 2023-07-01 MUS files. The total number of identified (First + Middle + Last + Suffix + DOB) clones in the dataset was 1,575.
Figure 5 Differences between the 2023-07-01 and 2022-11-23 RVL datasets.

One thing that I find interesting is the difference in detected cloned entries between the purchased 2023-06-30 dataset and the 2023-07-01 dataset after the MUS entries have been applied. This is presented in Figure 6 below. We see that the application of the MUS did not remove any clones, but 90 were added. I’m not sure what this means yet, as we only have a single MUS file and it was generated so close to our full download. We will monitor and see how this progresses as we continue to receive the MUS files throughout the 2023 election cycle.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity mathematics programming technical

Voter ID Number distribution patterns in VA Registered Voter List

One thing that I have been asked about repeatedly is if there is any sort of patterns in the assignment of voter ID numbers in the VA data. Specifically, I’ve been asked repeatedly if I’ve found any similar pattern to what AuditNY has found in the NY data. It’s not something that I have looked at in depth previously due mostly to lack of time, and because VA is setup very differently than NY, so a direct comparison or attempt to replicate the AuditNY findings in VA isn’t as straightforward as one would hope.

The NY data uses a different Voter ID number for counties vs at the state level, which is the “Rosetta Stone” that was needed for the NY team to understand the algorithms that were used to assign voter ID numbers, and in turn discover some very (ahem) “interesting” patterns in the data. VA doesn’t have such a system and only uses a single voter ID number throughout the state and local jurisdictions.

Well … while my other machine is busy crunching on the string distance computations, I figured I’d take a crack at looking at the distribution of the Voter ID numbers in the VA Registered Voter List (RVL) and just see what I find.

To start with, here is a simple scatter plot of the Voter ID numbers vs the Registration date for each record in the 2023-07-01 RVL. From the zoomed out plot it is readily apparent that there must have been a change in the algorithm that was used to assign voter identification numbers sometime around 2007, which coincides nicely with the introduction of the current Virginia Election and Registration Information System (VERIS) system.

From a high level, it appears that the previous assignment algorithm broke the universe of possible ID numbers up into discrete ranges and assigned IDs within those ranges, but favoring the bottom of each range. This would be a logical explanation for the banded structure we see pre-2007. The new assignment algorithm post-2007 looks to be using a much more randomized approach. Nothing strange about that. As computing systems have gotten better and security has become more of a concern over the years there have been many systems that migrated to more randomized assignments of identification numbers.

Looking at a zoomed in block of the post-2007 “randomized” ID assignments we can see some of the normal variability that we would expect to see in the election cycles. We see that we have a high density of new assignments around November of 2016 and 2020, with a low density section of assignments correlated to the COVID-19 lockdowns. There are short periods where it looks like there were lulls in the assignment of voter ID’s, these are perhaps due to holidays or maintenance periods, or related to the legal requirements to “freeze” the voter rolls 30 days before any election (primaries, runoffs, etc). Note that VA now has same day voter registration as of the laws passed by the previous democratic super-majority that went into affect in 2022, so going forward we would likely see these “blackout periods” be significantly reduced.

We can see more clearly the banded assignment structure of the pre-2007 entries by zooming in on a smaller section of the plot, as shown below. It’s harder to make out in this banded structure, but we still see similar patterns of density changes presumably due to the natural election cycles, holidays, maintenance periods, legally required registration lockouts periods, etc. We can also see the “bucketing” of ID numbers into distinct bands, with the bias of numbers filling the lower section of each band.

All of that looks unremarkable and seems to make sense to me … however … if we zoom into the Voter ID address range of around [900,000,000 to 920,000,000] we do see something that catches my curiosity. We see the existence of the same banded structure as above between 900,000,000 and 915,000,000 AND pre-2007, but there is another band of assignments super-imposed on the entire date range of the RVL. This band does not seem to be affected by the introduction of the VERIS system (presumably), which is very interesting. There is also what looks like to be a vertical high-density band between 2007 and 2010 that extends along the entire vertical axis, but we only see it once we zoom in to the VERIS transition period.

The horizontal band that extends across all date ranges only exists in the [~915,000,000 to ~920,000,000] ID range. It trails off in density pre ~1993, but it exists throughout the full registration date range. I will note that the “Motor Voter” National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) was implemented in 1993, so perhaps these are a reserved universe block for DMV (or other externally provided) registrations? (That’s a guess, but an educated one.)

A plausible explanation I can imagine for the distinct high density band between 2007-2010 is that this might be related to how the VERIS system was implemented and brought into service, and there was some sort of update around 2010 that made correction to its internal algorithms. (But that is just a guess.) That still wouldn’t entirely explain the huge change in the density of new registrants added to the rolls.

Another, or additional, explanation might be that when VERIS came online there were a number of registrants that had their Voter ID number regenerated and/or their registration date field updated as part of the rollout of the new VERIS software. Meaning that while VERIS was coming online and handling the normal amount of new real registrations, it was also moving/updating a large number of historic registrations, which would account for the higher density as VERIS became the system of record. That seems to be a poor systems administration and design choice, in my opinion, as it makes inaccurate those moved registrant records by giving them a false registration date. However, if that was the case, and VERIS was resetting registration dates as it ingested voter records into its databases, why do we see any records with pre-2007 registration dates at all? (This is again, merely an educated guess on my part, so take with a grain of salt.)

Incorporating the identification of cloned registrations

In attempting to incorporate some of my early results on the most recent RVL data doing duplicate record identification (technically they are “cloned” records, as “duplicates” would have the same voter ID numbers. This was pointed out to me a few days ago.) on this dataset, I did a scatter plot of only those records that had an identified exact match of (FullName +DOB) to other records in the dataset, but with unique Voter ID numbers. The scatter plot of those records is shown below, and we can see that there is a distinct ~horizontal cluster of records that aligns with the 915M – 920M ID band and pre-2007. In the post-2007 block we see the cloned records do not seem to be totally randomly distributed, but have a bias towards the lower right of the graph.

Superimposing the two plots produces the following, with the red indicating the records with identified Full Name + DOB string matches.

Zooming in to take a closer look at the 915M-920M band again, gives the following:

It is curious that there seems to be an alignment of the exact Full Name + DOB matching records with the 915M-920M, pre-2007 ID band. Post-2007 the exact cloned matches have a less structured distribution throughout the data, but they do seem to cluster around the lower right.

If the cloned records were simply due to random data entry errors, etc. I would expect to see sporadic red datapoints distributed “salt-n-pepper” style throughout the entirety of the area covered by the blue data. There might be some argument to be made for there being a bias of more of the red data points to the right side of the plot, as officials have not yet had time to “catch” or “clean-up” erroneous entries, but there is little reason to have linear features, or to have a bias for lower ID numbers in the vertical axis.

I am continuing to investigate this data, but as of right now all I can tell you is that … yes, there does seem to be interesting patterns in the way Voter IDs are assigned in VA, especially with records that have already been found and flagged to be problematic (clones).

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity programming technical

Preliminary Results of 2023-07-01 VA RVL duplicate detections

Below are the preliminary results from performing exact (string distance of 0) duplicate record checks on the 2023-07-01 VA Registered Voter List information. Note that these are the numbers of ordered matches discovered, not the number of individual unique registrants. Each count represents two different registration records, with unique voter IDs, that match the given criteria. Match pairs are directional, in that a pair (A,B) is counted separately from the pair (B, A). Matches are grouped into this table according to the LOCALITY_NAME of the first element of the identified pair. Some pairs can have different locality information, except for in the strictest case (3rd column), so a match might be counted in one locality while its mirror is counted in the other.

The first data column of the table below is equivalent to the criteria used by the MOU between the VA Department of Elections (ELECT) and the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), as discussed and documented in a previous post. There were 5,290 matches for this criteria across the state.

The second data column below is based on a match of the registrants Full Name and Day+Month+Year of birth information, but NOT the registrants listed address information. There were 1,200 matches for this criteria across the state.

The third data column is the strictest match criteria and includes the Gender and Address of the registrant. There were 208 matches for this criteria across the state.

I am only considering Active registrations in the table below. I previously computed similar statistics using the previous purchased 2022-11-23 RVL, I have not yet done a comparison of the two datasets, but will do so once I complete the string distance processing on this latest set.

Row LabelsSum of Exact Same First+Last+DobSum of Exact Same First+Middle+Last+Sfx+DOBSum of Exact Same First+Middle+Last+Sfx+Gender+Address+DOB
ACCOMACK COUNTY2470
ALBEMARLE COUNTY1165722
ALEXANDRIA CITY60130
ALLEGHANY COUNTY1240
AMELIA COUNTY500
AMHERST COUNTY3282
APPOMATTOX COUNTY1500
ARLINGTON COUNTY152620
AUGUSTA COUNTY6962
BATH COUNTY200
BEDFORD COUNTY67130
BLAND COUNTY500
BOTETOURT COUNTY2420
BRISTOL CITY800
BRUNSWICK COUNTY1710
BUCHANAN COUNTY1150
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY700
BUENA VISTA CITY300
CAMPBELL COUNTY39134
CAROLINE COUNTY1800
CARROLL COUNTY1400
CHARLES CITY COUNTY200
CHARLOTTE COUNTY1110
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY2580
CHESAPEAKE CITY136138
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY38012734
CLARKE COUNTY1100
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY1240
COVINGTON CITY500
CRAIG COUNTY300
CULPEPER COUNTY2620
CUMBERLAND COUNTY1352
DANVILLE CITY2140
DICKENSON COUNTY600
DINWIDDIE COUNTY2120
EMPORIA CITY930
ESSEX COUNTY910
FAIRFAX CITY1220
FAIRFAX COUNTY55018814
FALLS CHURCH CITY1280
FAUQUIER COUNTY4120
FLOYD COUNTY900
FLUVANNA COUNTY2330
FRANKLIN CITY842
FRANKLIN COUNTY2022
FREDERICK COUNTY5494
FREDERICKSBURG CITY1420
GALAX CITY300
GILES COUNTY300
GLOUCESTER COUNTY2420
GOOCHLAND COUNTY2320
GRAYSON COUNTY1310
GREENE COUNTY1610
GREENSVILLE COUNTY700
HALIFAX COUNTY2364
HAMPTON CITY131378
HANOVER COUNTY73100
HARRISONBURG CITY1882
HENRICO COUNTY2457534
HENRY COUNTY2944
HIGHLAND COUNTY200
HOPEWELL CITY3374
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY2710
JAMES CITY COUNTY3110
KING AND QUEEN COUNTY400
KING GEORGE COUNTY1700
KING WILLIAM COUNTY1740
LANCASTER COUNTY830
LEE COUNTY38142
LEXINGTON CITY830
LOUDOUN COUNTY158316
LOUISA COUNTY2610
LUNENBURG COUNTY1350
LYNCHBURG CITY75294
MADISON COUNTY1020
MANASSAS CITY2332
MANASSAS PARK CITY410
MARTINSVILLE CITY900
MATHEWS COUNTY522
MECKLENBURG COUNTY2530
MIDDLESEX COUNTY600
MONTGOMERY COUNTY4750
NELSON COUNTY1554
NEW KENT COUNTY1810
NEWPORT NEWS CITY88120
NORFOLK CITY111150
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY832
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY810
NOTTOWAY COUNTY1084
ORANGE COUNTY2940
PAGE COUNTY2330
PATRICK COUNTY1010
PETERSBURG CITY3160
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY6292
POQUOSON CITY800
PORTSMOUTH CITY80100
POWHATAN COUNTY2660
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY2050
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY2452
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY178410
PULASKI COUNTY1620
RADFORD CITY810
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY610
RICHMOND CITY159482
RICHMOND COUNTY563810
ROANOKE CITY4000
ROANOKE COUNTY5770
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY1720
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY3470
RUSSELL COUNTY1900
SALEM CITY1110
SCOTT COUNTY1740
SHENANDOAH COUNTY2240
SMYTH COUNTY1700
SOUTHAMPTON COUNTY1860
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY86224
STAFFORD COUNTY92212
STAUNTON CITY1500
SUFFOLK CITY5152
SURRY COUNTY820
SUSSEX COUNTY1122
TAZEWELL COUNTY2100
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY244252
WARREN COUNTY2510
WASHINGTON COUNTY3552
WAYNESBORO CITY1300
WESTMORELAND COUNTY1920
WILLIAMSBURG CITY1580
WINCHESTER CITY1120
WISE COUNTY2450
WYTHE COUNTY2120
YORK COUNTY2600
Grand Total52901200208
Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Integrity technical

VA Voter List data standardization and normalization

EPEC has purchased and downloaded the full statewide VA Registered Voter List (RVL), the full Voter History List (VHL) and the Monthly Update Subscription (MUS) to the voter list as of 2023-06-30. These files are provided by ELECT as comma-separated-value files, but contain numerous idiosyncrasies, formatting issues and errors.

We combined the MUS information with our baseline list to create a new Statewide voter list record incorporating all of the relevant changes. As we had just downloaded our baseline list only the day before we received the MUS, there were a number of entries in the MUS that had already been incorporated into our baseline dataset, however there were a few significant deletions / adds / modifications.

The updated RVL and VHL is currently being processed using the following methods, among others:

  • The Statewide RVL and VHL are being split into smaller data files organized by LOCALITY_NAME, LOCALITY_PRECINCT_NAME, CONG_CODE_VALUE, STHOUSE_CODE_VALUE, STSENATE_CODE_VALUE, and CITY
  • The data has been standardized and normalized to remove whitespace errors, all fields have been converted to upper case, observed field name issues have been corrected, and missing fields in the VHL have been added.
    • The VHL does not contain “LOCALITY_NAME” or “PRECINCT_NAME” fields, but does reference each by code value. The missing fields have been added into the VHL after correlating with the RVL data in order to endure commonality between the datasets, and to allow for splitting into the folder structure defined above.
    • The formatting for precinct names in the RVL is inconsistent in its use of spaces and dashes between the precinct code and name. This has been standardized to be the ” – ” separator.
    • The inconsistent use of the ampersand symbol (“&”) in county names, such as “KING & QUEEN COUNTY”, has been standardized to always use the word “AND” instead.
    • etc. We will continue to update these standardizations and error checks as we discover new issues.
  • The primary and mailing addresses from the RVL have been fed as input to an NCOA processing system (truencoa.com) and the resultant reports have been collated for each grouping as listed above.
  • The RVL fields have also been collated against version 13 of the US Dept of Transportation’s National Address Database and the RVL entries have been augmented with the information regarding whether a match was found or not, as well as the type of match. Our best attempt has been made to match addresses to the RVL entries, but there are still inconsistencies and mis-spellings in both the NAD and RVL data that we are continuing to work to identify and improve.
    • Prior to matching to the NAD listings the RVL primary and mailing addresses are normalized and standardized according to the US Post Offices published list of common street suffix abbreviations.
    • Initial matches are attempted based on a Strict match to either the Primary or Mailing address
    • Subsequent matches use iterative relaxing of various criteria, such as ignoring the street suffix, or flipping the position of the street direction indicator. We have denoted the USDOT_MATCH_TYPE in the augmented RVL dataset to allow filtering on these different matching criteria.

EPEC is working to make this value-added data available for those entities that are authorized to handle VA election information. Interested parties may contact us for more details.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity mathematics programming technical

Potential Duplicate Registrants in VA RVL by Locality

Previously I posted the computation of potential duplicate records based on string comparisons in the registered voter list. As a follow up to that article, I’ve compiled the statistics of the number of potential pairs for each locality in VA.

I tallied the number of registrant pairs with the reference match criteria defined by the MOU between ELECT and the DMV along with the two highest confidence (most stringent) match criteria that I computed. I also stratified the results by Active registrant records only or either Active or Inactive records. I also stratified by if the pairs crossed a locality boundary or not.

The table below is organized into the following computed columns, and has been sorted in decreasing order according to column 5.

  1. Exactly matching First + Last + DOB, which is equivalent to the MOU between ELECT and DMV.
  2. Exactly matching First + Middle + Last + Suffix + DOB
  3. Exactly matching First + Middle + Last + Suffix + DOB + Gender + Street Address
  4. The same as #1, but filtering for only ACTIVE voter records
  5. The same as #2, but filtering for only ACTIVE voter records
  6. The same as #3, but filtering for only ACTIVE voter records
  7. The same as #1, but filtering for only pairs that cross a locality boundary.
  8. The same as #2, but filtering for only pairs that cross a locality boundary.
  9. The same as #3, but filtering for only pairs that cross a locality boundary.
  10. The same as #4, but filtering for only pairs that cross a locality boundary.
  11. The same as #5, but filtering for only pairs that cross a locality boundary.
  12. The same as #6, but filtering for only pairs that cross a locality boundary.


123456789101112
LOCALITY_NAMENum Registrant RecordsPct Same First Last DobPct Same Full Name DobPct Same Full Name Dob AddressPct Same First Last Dob _ Active OnlyPct Same Full Name Dob _ Active OnlyPct Same Full Name Dob Address _ Active OnlyPct Same First Last Dob _ xLocPct Same Full Name Dob _ xLocPct Same Full Name Dob Address _ xLocPct Same First Last Dob _ Active Only _ xLocPct Same Full Name Dob _ Active Only _ xLocPct Same Full Name Dob Address _ Active Only _ xLoc
NORTON CITY26040.2304%0.2304%0.1536%0.1920%0.1920%0.1536%0.0768%0.0768%0.0000%0.0384%0.0384%0.0000%
NOTTOWAY COUNTY97040.2988%0.2061%0.0618%0.2473%0.1752%0.0618%0.2370%0.1649%0.0206%0.1855%0.1340%0.0206%
RADFORD CITY95510.4293%0.2827%0.0000%0.2827%0.1675%0.0000%0.4293%0.2827%0.0000%0.2827%0.1675%0.0000%
HIGHLAND COUNTY19030.2627%0.1576%0.1051%0.2627%0.1576%0.1051%0.1576%0.0525%0.0000%0.1576%0.0525%0.0000%
WILLIAMSBURG CITY104800.2195%0.1336%0.0000%0.2004%0.1336%0.0000%0.2004%0.1336%0.0000%0.1813%0.1336%0.0000%
LYNCHBURG CITY563190.3072%0.1829%0.0533%0.2255%0.1296%0.0533%0.1616%0.0764%0.0000%0.1190%0.0479%0.0000%
EMPORIA CITY40230.3480%0.1740%0.0000%0.2983%0.1243%0.0000%0.2486%0.0746%0.0000%0.1989%0.0249%0.0000%
SUFFOLK CITY715800.2403%0.1229%0.0754%0.2249%0.1187%0.0754%0.1229%0.0307%0.0000%0.1104%0.0265%0.0000%
FALLS CHURCH CITY112130.1784%0.1338%0.0357%0.1516%0.1159%0.0178%0.0892%0.0624%0.0000%0.0803%0.0624%0.0000%
SUSSEX COUNTY71490.2658%0.1259%0.0839%0.2238%0.1119%0.0839%0.1539%0.0140%0.0000%0.1119%0.0000%0.0000%
FRANKLIN CITY59240.2026%0.1182%0.0338%0.1857%0.1013%0.0338%0.1688%0.0844%0.0000%0.1519%0.0675%0.0000%
APPOMATTOX COUNTY121950.2542%0.1230%0.0328%0.2214%0.0902%0.0328%0.2050%0.0738%0.0000%0.1886%0.0574%0.0000%
LEE COUNTY156190.2497%0.0960%0.0128%0.2305%0.0832%0.0128%0.1473%0.0192%0.0000%0.1409%0.0192%0.0000%
ALBEMARLE COUNTY848890.1920%0.1001%0.0212%0.1590%0.0825%0.0188%0.1402%0.0554%0.0000%0.1096%0.0401%0.0000%
AMHERST COUNTY229060.1965%0.0829%0.0437%0.1790%0.0742%0.0437%0.1441%0.0393%0.0000%0.1266%0.0306%0.0000%
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY135950.2280%0.0883%0.0000%0.1912%0.0662%0.0000%0.2133%0.0883%0.0000%0.1765%0.0662%0.0000%
STAUNTON CITY181800.1980%0.0935%0.0000%0.1595%0.0605%0.0000%0.1650%0.0605%0.0000%0.1265%0.0275%0.0000%
NELSON COUNTY118950.1765%0.0673%0.0168%0.1513%0.0588%0.0168%0.1261%0.0504%0.0000%0.1177%0.0420%0.0000%
ARLINGTON COUNTY1770920.1378%0.0683%0.0113%0.1146%0.0576%0.0102%0.0870%0.0344%0.0000%0.0683%0.0260%0.0000%
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY104570.1339%0.0574%0.0191%0.1243%0.0574%0.0191%0.0956%0.0191%0.0000%0.0861%0.0191%0.0000%
SOUTHAMPTON COUNTY132180.2194%0.0757%0.0000%0.1740%0.0530%0.0000%0.1589%0.0454%0.0000%0.1286%0.0227%0.0000%
HOPEWELL CITY158250.2401%0.0695%0.0253%0.2085%0.0506%0.0253%0.1390%0.0190%0.0000%0.1201%0.0126%0.0000%
LUNENBURG COUNTY80970.1853%0.0618%0.0000%0.1729%0.0494%0.0000%0.1853%0.0618%0.0000%0.1729%0.0494%0.0000%
AMELIA COUNTY101790.1375%0.0884%0.0098%0.0884%0.0491%0.0098%0.1375%0.0884%0.0098%0.0884%0.0491%0.0098%
RICHMOND CITY1610970.1707%0.0639%0.0000%0.1316%0.0490%0.0000%0.1459%0.0528%0.0000%0.1155%0.0416%0.0000%
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY347890.1265%0.0604%0.0000%0.1064%0.0489%0.0000%0.1150%0.0489%0.0000%0.0949%0.0374%0.0000%
LEXINGTON CITY42110.2612%0.1187%0.0000%0.1900%0.0475%0.0000%0.2612%0.1187%0.0000%0.1900%0.0475%0.0000%
FAIRFAX COUNTY7877270.1143%0.0559%0.0053%0.0988%0.0474%0.0053%0.0665%0.0236%0.0000%0.0546%0.0171%0.0000%
CHARLOTTE COUNTY84740.2242%0.0708%0.0236%0.1652%0.0472%0.0236%0.2006%0.0472%0.0000%0.1416%0.0236%0.0000%
HARRISONBURG CITY264430.1777%0.0870%0.0000%0.1210%0.0454%0.0000%0.1324%0.0567%0.0000%0.0908%0.0303%0.0000%
BRUNSWICK COUNTY110980.2253%0.0631%0.0000%0.1982%0.0451%0.0000%0.2072%0.0451%0.0000%0.1802%0.0270%0.0000%
HAMPTON CITY1008070.2044%0.0764%0.0060%0.1468%0.0446%0.0040%0.1210%0.0387%0.0000%0.0972%0.0268%0.0000%
WISE COUNTY247500.1455%0.0525%0.0000%0.1333%0.0444%0.0000%0.1212%0.0364%0.0000%0.1091%0.0283%0.0000%
WYTHE COUNTY209500.1480%0.0525%0.0191%0.1289%0.0430%0.0191%0.1002%0.0143%0.0000%0.0907%0.0143%0.0000%
CHESAPEAKE CITY1780050.1258%0.0433%0.0303%0.1140%0.0410%0.0303%0.0843%0.0062%0.0000%0.0747%0.0051%0.0000%
NEWPORT NEWS CITY1247780.1354%0.0537%0.0016%0.1122%0.0409%0.0016%0.1002%0.0313%0.0000%0.0850%0.0216%0.0000%
CUMBERLAND COUNTY74160.1483%0.0539%0.0270%0.1214%0.0405%0.0270%0.1214%0.0270%0.0000%0.0944%0.0135%0.0000%
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY249570.1643%0.0401%0.0000%0.1322%0.0401%0.0000%0.1643%0.0401%0.0000%0.1322%0.0401%0.0000%
HALIFAX COUNTY250860.1196%0.0438%0.0239%0.1156%0.0399%0.0239%0.0877%0.0120%0.0000%0.0837%0.0080%0.0000%
SMYTH COUNTY201590.1339%0.0397%0.0000%0.1290%0.0397%0.0000%0.1141%0.0198%0.0000%0.1091%0.0198%0.0000%
FAIRFAX CITY178250.1234%0.0617%0.0000%0.0954%0.0393%0.0000%0.1122%0.0617%0.0000%0.0842%0.0393%0.0000%
CAMPBELL COUNTY413180.1380%0.0508%0.0048%0.1186%0.0387%0.0048%0.1283%0.0411%0.0000%0.1089%0.0290%0.0000%
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY130660.0918%0.0383%0.0000%0.0918%0.0383%0.0000%0.0918%0.0383%0.0000%0.0918%0.0383%0.0000%
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY2700840.1529%0.0478%0.0067%0.1300%0.0381%0.0059%0.1107%0.0248%0.0000%0.0937%0.0196%0.0000%
PETERSBURG CITY237400.1685%0.0421%0.0000%0.1559%0.0379%0.0000%0.1601%0.0421%0.0000%0.1474%0.0379%0.0000%
SURRY COUNTY56750.1762%0.0352%0.0000%0.1410%0.0352%0.0000%0.1410%0.0000%0.0000%0.1057%0.0000%0.0000%
STAFFORD COUNTY1112610.1222%0.0440%0.0072%0.1079%0.0351%0.0072%0.1007%0.0279%0.0000%0.0881%0.0207%0.0000%
BUCHANAN COUNTY148360.0876%0.0337%0.0000%0.0876%0.0337%0.0000%0.0607%0.0067%0.0000%0.0607%0.0067%0.0000%
PORTSMOUTH CITY683810.1536%0.0409%0.0058%0.1375%0.0336%0.0058%0.1185%0.0263%0.0000%0.1024%0.0190%0.0000%
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY453220.1677%0.0441%0.0044%0.1522%0.0331%0.0044%0.1324%0.0221%0.0000%0.1214%0.0154%0.0000%
MECKLENBURG COUNTY229960.1522%0.0478%0.0000%0.1305%0.0304%0.0000%0.1261%0.0391%0.0000%0.1131%0.0304%0.0000%
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY98770.0911%0.0304%0.0202%0.0810%0.0304%0.0202%0.0911%0.0101%0.0000%0.0810%0.0101%0.0000%
PAGE COUNTY170950.1872%0.0351%0.0000%0.1521%0.0292%0.0000%0.1521%0.0117%0.0000%0.1170%0.0058%0.0000%
ACCOMACK COUNTY254830.1216%0.0275%0.0000%0.1020%0.0275%0.0000%0.1138%0.0275%0.0000%0.0942%0.0275%0.0000%
GRAYSON COUNTY109410.1645%0.0274%0.0000%0.1554%0.0274%0.0000%0.1462%0.0274%0.0000%0.1371%0.0274%0.0000%
ALLEGHANY COUNTY110690.1355%0.0271%0.0000%0.1084%0.0271%0.0000%0.0994%0.0090%0.0000%0.0723%0.0090%0.0000%
MATHEWS COUNTY73780.0949%0.0271%0.0271%0.0678%0.0271%0.0271%0.0678%0.0000%0.0000%0.0407%0.0000%0.0000%
BEDFORD COUNTY632400.1233%0.0300%0.0063%0.1154%0.0269%0.0063%0.1012%0.0142%0.0000%0.0933%0.0111%0.0000%
HENRICO COUNTY2404360.1152%0.0299%0.0083%0.0998%0.0258%0.0083%0.0944%0.0175%0.0000%0.0807%0.0133%0.0000%
WAYNESBORO CITY155610.1735%0.0450%0.0000%0.1285%0.0257%0.0000%0.1735%0.0450%0.0000%0.1285%0.0257%0.0000%
HANOVER COUNTY870000.1092%0.0287%0.0023%0.1011%0.0253%0.0023%0.1023%0.0218%0.0000%0.0943%0.0184%0.0000%
CRAIG COUNTY39720.1007%0.0252%0.0000%0.1007%0.0252%0.0000%0.1007%0.0252%0.0000%0.1007%0.0252%0.0000%
GALAX CITY40670.1229%0.0246%0.0000%0.1229%0.0246%0.0000%0.1229%0.0246%0.0000%0.1229%0.0246%0.0000%
ORANGE COUNTY284820.1299%0.0351%0.0000%0.1194%0.0246%0.0000%0.1299%0.0351%0.0000%0.1194%0.0246%0.0000%
DANVILLE CITY288380.1040%0.0312%0.0000%0.0902%0.0243%0.0000%0.1040%0.0312%0.0000%0.0902%0.0243%0.0000%
CARROLL COUNTY211630.1040%0.0236%0.0095%0.1040%0.0236%0.0095%0.0945%0.0142%0.0000%0.0945%0.0142%0.0000%
FREDERICK COUNTY679120.1075%0.0324%0.0088%0.0883%0.0236%0.0059%0.0898%0.0206%0.0000%0.0736%0.0147%0.0000%
MANASSAS PARK CITY90180.0665%0.0222%0.0000%0.0554%0.0222%0.0000%0.0444%0.0222%0.0000%0.0333%0.0222%0.0000%
HENRY COUNTY365390.1259%0.0246%0.0000%0.1122%0.0219%0.0000%0.0931%0.0082%0.0000%0.0848%0.0055%0.0000%
BLAND COUNTY45810.1091%0.0218%0.0000%0.1091%0.0218%0.0000%0.1091%0.0218%0.0000%0.1091%0.0218%0.0000%
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY1053610.0987%0.0247%0.0057%0.0873%0.0218%0.0057%0.0816%0.0095%0.0000%0.0702%0.0066%0.0000%
WINCHESTER CITY183520.1035%0.0381%0.0000%0.0708%0.0218%0.0000%0.0926%0.0381%0.0000%0.0599%0.0218%0.0000%
LANCASTER COUNTY92670.0755%0.0216%0.0000%0.0755%0.0216%0.0000%0.0755%0.0216%0.0000%0.0755%0.0216%0.0000%
KING WILLIAM COUNTY139960.1286%0.0214%0.0000%0.1143%0.0214%0.0000%0.1286%0.0214%0.0000%0.1143%0.0214%0.0000%
WESTMORELAND COUNTY142330.1827%0.0211%0.0000%0.1756%0.0211%0.0000%0.1546%0.0211%0.0000%0.1475%0.0211%0.0000%
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY3319140.1118%0.0259%0.0066%0.0967%0.0208%0.0066%0.0883%0.0114%0.0000%0.0762%0.0081%0.0000%
POWHATAN COUNTY242870.1400%0.0371%0.0000%0.1153%0.0206%0.0000%0.1400%0.0371%0.0000%0.1153%0.0206%0.0000%
BOTETOURT COUNTY263110.1178%0.0190%0.0076%0.1102%0.0190%0.0076%0.1102%0.0114%0.0000%0.1026%0.0114%0.0000%
FLUVANNA COUNTY210010.1286%0.0238%0.0000%0.1190%0.0190%0.0000%0.1095%0.0238%0.0000%0.1000%0.0190%0.0000%
SCOTT COUNTY160590.1121%0.0249%0.0000%0.1059%0.0187%0.0000%0.0996%0.0125%0.0000%0.0934%0.0062%0.0000%
ALEXANDRIA CITY1122120.0820%0.0205%0.0000%0.0686%0.0178%0.0000%0.0784%0.0169%0.0000%0.0651%0.0143%0.0000%
TAZEWELL COUNTY281470.0995%0.0178%0.0142%0.0959%0.0178%0.0142%0.0853%0.0036%0.0000%0.0817%0.0036%0.0000%
RICHMOND COUNTY56490.2301%0.0354%0.0000%0.1947%0.0177%0.0000%0.1947%0.0354%0.0000%0.1593%0.0177%0.0000%
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY568170.0845%0.0246%0.0035%0.0739%0.0176%0.0000%0.0739%0.0176%0.0000%0.0669%0.0141%0.0000%
LOUISA COUNTY295670.1150%0.0271%0.0135%0.1015%0.0169%0.0135%0.1082%0.0135%0.0000%0.0947%0.0034%0.0000%
LOUDOUN COUNTY2919140.0740%0.0219%0.0041%0.0620%0.0164%0.0041%0.0651%0.0171%0.0000%0.0531%0.0116%0.0000%
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY62390.0962%0.0160%0.0000%0.0801%0.0160%0.0000%0.0962%0.0160%0.0000%0.0801%0.0160%0.0000%
JAMES CITY COUNTY643900.0745%0.0186%0.0000%0.0668%0.0155%0.0000%0.0621%0.0124%0.0000%0.0544%0.0093%0.0000%
PATRICK COUNTY128620.0855%0.0155%0.0000%0.0777%0.0155%0.0000%0.0855%0.0155%0.0000%0.0777%0.0155%0.0000%
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY3165300.0812%0.0186%0.0000%0.0663%0.0148%0.0000%0.0711%0.0142%0.0000%0.0581%0.0104%0.0000%
AUGUSTA COUNTY549930.1455%0.0218%0.0036%0.1255%0.0145%0.0036%0.1346%0.0182%0.0000%0.1146%0.0109%0.0000%
DINWIDDIE COUNTY208350.1584%0.0384%0.0048%0.1152%0.0144%0.0048%0.1488%0.0288%0.0048%0.1152%0.0144%0.0048%
GOOCHLAND COUNTY214100.1261%0.0187%0.0000%0.1121%0.0140%0.0000%0.1261%0.0187%0.0000%0.1121%0.0140%0.0000%
MONTGOMERY COUNTY619440.0936%0.0145%0.0000%0.0807%0.0129%0.0000%0.0904%0.0145%0.0000%0.0775%0.0129%0.0000%
SHENANDOAH COUNTY323040.0960%0.0155%0.0000%0.0743%0.0124%0.0000%0.0960%0.0155%0.0000%0.0743%0.0124%0.0000%
ROANOKE COUNTY734670.0953%0.0163%0.0027%0.0830%0.0123%0.0027%0.0817%0.0109%0.0000%0.0694%0.0068%0.0000%
SALEM CITY179320.0892%0.0112%0.0000%0.0781%0.0112%0.0000%0.0892%0.0112%0.0000%0.0781%0.0112%0.0000%
NEW KENT COUNTY190220.1051%0.0210%0.0000%0.0894%0.0105%0.0000%0.0946%0.0210%0.0000%0.0789%0.0105%0.0000%
WASHINGTON COUNTY394490.1014%0.0152%0.0000%0.0887%0.0101%0.0000%0.0862%0.0051%0.0000%0.0786%0.0051%0.0000%
MADISON COUNTY104070.0865%0.0192%0.0000%0.0769%0.0096%0.0000%0.0865%0.0192%0.0000%0.0769%0.0096%0.0000%
NORFOLK CITY1412360.0984%0.0092%0.0000%0.0864%0.0085%0.0000%0.0899%0.0064%0.0000%0.0793%0.0057%0.0000%
PULASKI COUNTY238250.0881%0.0126%0.0000%0.0756%0.0084%0.0000%0.0881%0.0126%0.0000%0.0756%0.0084%0.0000%
CLARKE COUNTY122690.1060%0.0163%0.0000%0.0978%0.0082%0.0000%0.1060%0.0163%0.0000%0.0978%0.0082%0.0000%
GREENE COUNTY149260.1072%0.0067%0.0000%0.1072%0.0067%0.0000%0.1072%0.0067%0.0000%0.1072%0.0067%0.0000%
GLOUCESTER COUNTY302840.0859%0.0066%0.0000%0.0859%0.0066%0.0000%0.0859%0.0066%0.0000%0.0859%0.0066%0.0000%
WARREN COUNTY305170.0885%0.0066%0.0000%0.0852%0.0066%0.0000%0.0819%0.0066%0.0000%0.0786%0.0066%0.0000%
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY311790.0898%0.0064%0.0000%0.0834%0.0064%0.0000%0.0898%0.0064%0.0000%0.0834%0.0064%0.0000%
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY162660.1230%0.0123%0.0000%0.1045%0.0061%0.0000%0.1230%0.0123%0.0000%0.1045%0.0061%0.0000%
CULPEPER COUNTY371170.0943%0.0108%0.0000%0.0808%0.0054%0.0000%0.0889%0.0108%0.0000%0.0754%0.0054%0.0000%
FAUQUIER COUNTY563960.0887%0.0071%0.0000%0.0762%0.0053%0.0000%0.0887%0.0071%0.0000%0.0762%0.0053%0.0000%
FREDERICKSBURG CITY194550.0874%0.0051%0.0000%0.0720%0.0051%0.0000%0.0874%0.0051%0.0000%0.0720%0.0051%0.0000%
FRANKLIN COUNTY398660.0602%0.0050%0.0050%0.0502%0.0050%0.0050%0.0552%0.0000%0.0000%0.0452%0.0000%0.0000%
MANASSAS CITY238150.1008%0.0042%0.0000%0.0966%0.0042%0.0000%0.0840%0.0042%0.0000%0.0798%0.0042%0.0000%
YORK COUNTY508380.0925%0.0157%0.0000%0.0669%0.0039%0.0000%0.0885%0.0157%0.0000%0.0629%0.0039%0.0000%
BATH COUNTY33580.0893%0.0000%0.0000%0.0893%0.0000%0.0000%0.0893%0.0000%0.0000%0.0893%0.0000%0.0000%
BRISTOL CITY123450.0729%0.0000%0.0000%0.0567%0.0000%0.0000%0.0567%0.0000%0.0000%0.0567%0.0000%0.0000%
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY110630.1356%0.0271%0.0000%0.0904%0.0000%0.0000%0.1356%0.0271%0.0000%0.0904%0.0000%0.0000%
BUENA VISTA CITY44320.0903%0.0000%0.0000%0.0903%0.0000%0.0000%0.0903%0.0000%0.0000%0.0903%0.0000%0.0000%
CAROLINE COUNTY228940.1005%0.0087%0.0000%0.0830%0.0000%0.0000%0.1005%0.0087%0.0000%0.0830%0.0000%0.0000%
CHARLES CITY COUNTY57200.0524%0.0000%0.0000%0.0350%0.0000%0.0000%0.0524%0.0000%0.0000%0.0350%0.0000%0.0000%
COVINGTON CITY38880.1029%0.0000%0.0000%0.0772%0.0000%0.0000%0.1029%0.0000%0.0000%0.0772%0.0000%0.0000%
DICKENSON COUNTY101440.1084%0.0000%0.0000%0.0887%0.0000%0.0000%0.1084%0.0000%0.0000%0.0887%0.0000%0.0000%
ESSEX COUNTY83180.1443%0.0000%0.0000%0.1443%0.0000%0.0000%0.1443%0.0000%0.0000%0.1443%0.0000%0.0000%
FLOYD COUNTY118520.0759%0.0000%0.0000%0.0759%0.0000%0.0000%0.0759%0.0000%0.0000%0.0759%0.0000%0.0000%
GILES COUNTY120930.0413%0.0000%0.0000%0.0331%0.0000%0.0000%0.0413%0.0000%0.0000%0.0331%0.0000%0.0000%
GREENSVILLE COUNTY64350.1709%0.0155%0.0000%0.1399%0.0000%0.0000%0.1709%0.0155%0.0000%0.1399%0.0000%0.0000%
KING AND QUEEN COUNTY54030.0740%0.0000%0.0000%0.0740%0.0000%0.0000%0.0740%0.0000%0.0000%0.0740%0.0000%0.0000%
KING GEORGE COUNTY197800.1314%0.0000%0.0000%0.0910%0.0000%0.0000%0.1314%0.0000%0.0000%0.0910%0.0000%0.0000%
MARTINSVILLE CITY90700.0992%0.0000%0.0000%0.0882%0.0000%0.0000%0.0992%0.0000%0.0000%0.0882%0.0000%0.0000%
MIDDLESEX COUNTY87460.1029%0.0114%0.0000%0.0800%0.0000%0.0000%0.1029%0.0114%0.0000%0.0800%0.0000%0.0000%
POQUOSON CITY96350.0934%0.0000%0.0000%0.0934%0.0000%0.0000%0.0934%0.0000%0.0000%0.0934%0.0000%0.0000%
ROANOKE CITY660830.0817%0.0015%0.0000%0.0666%0.0000%0.0000%0.0817%0.0015%0.0000%0.0666%0.0000%0.0000%
RUSSELL COUNTY192400.1091%0.0000%0.0000%0.1040%0.0000%0.0000%0.1091%0.0000%0.0000%0.1040%0.0000%0.0000%