Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical

2021 VA Election Fingerprints

I finally had some time to put this together.

For additional background information, see here, here and here. As a reminder and summary, according to the published methods in the USAID funded National Academy of Sciences paper (here) that I based this work off of, an ideal “fair” election should look like one or two (depending on how split the electorate is) clean, compact Gaussian distributions (or “bulls-eye’s”). Other structural artifacts, while not conclusive, can be evidence and indicators of election irregularities. One such indicator with an attributed cause is that of a highly directional linear streaking, which implies an incremental fraud and linear correlation. Another known and attributed indicator is that of large distinct and extreme peaks near 100% or 0% votes for the candidate (the vertical axis) that are disconnected from the main Gaussian lobe which the authors label a sign of “extreme fraud”. In general, for free and fair elections, we expect these 2D histograms to show a predominantly uncorrelated relationship between the variables of “% Voter Turnout” (x-axis) and “% Vote Share” (y-axis).

The source data for this analysis comes directly from the VA Department of Elections servers, and was downloaded shortly after the conclusion and certification of the 2021 election results on 12/11/2021 (results file) and 12/12/2021 (turnout file). A link to the current version of these files, hosted by ELECT is here: https://apps.elections.virginia.gov/SBE_CSV/ELECTIONS/ELECTIONRESULTS/2021/2021%20November%20General%20.csv and https://apps.elections.virginia.gov/SBE_CSV/ELECTIONS/ELECTIONTURNOUT/Turnout-2021%20November%20General%20.csv. The files actually used for this analysis, as downloaded from the ELECT servers on the dates mentioned are posted at the end of this article.

Note that even though the republican (Youngkin) won in VA, the y-axis of these plots presented here was computed as the % vote share for the democratic candidate (McCauliffe) in order to more easily compare with the 2020 results. I can produce Yougkin vote share % versions as well if people are interested, and am happy to do so.

While the 2021 election fingerprints look to have less correlations between the variables as compared to 2020 data, they still look very non-gaussian and concerning. While there is no clearly observable “well-known” artifacts as called out in the NAS paper, there is definitely something irregular about the Virginia 2021 election data. Specifically, I find the per-precinct absentee [mail-in + post-election + early-in-person] plot (Figure 6) interesting as there is a diffuse background as well as a linearly correlated set of virtual precincts that show low turnout but very high vote share for the democratic candidate.

One of the nice differences about 2021 VA data is that they actually identified the distinctions between mail-in, early-in-person, and post-election vote tallies in the CAP’s this year. I have broken out the individual sub-groups as well and we can see that the absentee early-in-person (Figure 9) has a fairly diffuse distribution, while the absentee mail-in (Figure 7) and absentee post-election (Figure 8) ballots show a very high McAuliffe Vote %, and what looks to be a linear correlation.

For comparison I’ve also included the 2020 fingerprints. All of the 2020 fingerprints have been recomputed using the exact same MATLAB source code that processed the 2021 data. The archive date of the “2020 November General.csv” and “Turnout 2020 November General.csv” files used was 11/30/2020.

I welcome any and all independent reviews or assistance in making and double checking these results, and will gladly provide all collated source data and MATLAB code to anyone who is interested.

Figure 1 : VA 2021 Per locality, absentee (CAP) + physical precincts

Figure 2 : VA 2021 Per locality, physical precincts only:

Figure 3 : VA 2021 Per locality, absentee precincts only:

Figure 4 : VA 2021 Per precinct, absentee (CAP) + physical precincts:

Figure 5 : VA 2021 Per precinct, physical precincts only:

Figure 6 : VA 2021 Per precinct, absentee (CAP) precincts only:

Figure 7 : VA 2021 Per precinct, CAP precincts, mail-in ballots only:

Figure 8 : VA 2021 Per precinct, CAP precincts, post-election ballots only:

Figure 9 : VA 2021 Per precinct, CAP precincts, early-in-person ballots only:

Comparison to VA 2020 Fingerprints

Figure 10 : VA 2020 Per locality, absentee (CAP) + physical precincts:

Figure 11 : VA 2020 Per locality, physical precincts only:

Figure 12 : VA 2020 Per locality, absentee precincts only:

Figure 13 : VA 2020 Per precinct, absentee (CAP) + physical precincts:

Figure 14 : VA 2020 Per precinct, physical precincts only:

Figure 15 : VA 2020 Per precinct, absentee (CAP) precincts only:

Source Data Files:

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical Uncategorized

Vanishing Voter ID’s in sequential 2021 DAL files

During the 2021 election I archived multiple versions of the Statewide Daily Absentee List (DAL) files as produced by the VA Department of Elections (ELECT). As the name implies, the DAL files are a daily produced official product from ELECT that accumulates data representing the state of absentee votes over the course of the election. i.e. The data that exists in a DAL file produced on Tuesday morning should be contained in the DAL file produced on the following Wednesday along with any new entries from the events of Tuesday, etc.

Therefore, it is expected that once a Voter ID number is listed in the DAL file during an election period, subsequent DAL files *should* include a record associated with that voter ID. The status of that voter and the absentee ballot might change, but the records of the transactions during the election should still be present. I have confirmed that this is the expected behavior via discussions with multiple former and previous VA election officials.

Stepping through the snapshots of collected 2021 DAL files in chronological order, we can observe Voter IDs that mysteriously “vanish” from the DAL record. We can do this by simply mapping the existence/non-existence of unique Voter ID numbers in each file. The plot below in Figure 1 is the counts of the number of observed “vanishing” ID numbers as we move from file to file. The total number of vanishing ID numbers is 429 over the course of the 2021 election. Not a large number. But it’s 429 too many. I can think of no legitimate reason that this should occur.

Now an interesting thing to do, is to look at a few examples of how these issues manifest themselves in the data. Note that I’m hiding the personally identifiable information from the DAL file records in the screenshots below, BTW.

The first example in the screenshot below is an issue where the voter in question has a ballot that is in the “APPROVED” and “ISSUED” state, meaning that they have submitted a request for a ballot and that the ballot has been sent out. The record for this voter ID is present in the DAL file up until Oct 14th 2021, after which it completely vanishes from the DAL records. This voter ID is also not present in the RVL or VHL downloaded from the state on 11/06/2021.

This voter was apparently issued a real, live, ballot for 2021 and then was subsequently removed from the DAL and (presumably) the voter rolls + VERIS on or around the 14th Oct according to the DAL snapshots.  What happened to that ballot? What happened to the record of that ballot? The only public record of that ballot even existing, let alone the fact that it was physically issued and mailed out, was erased when the Voter ID was removed from DAL/RVL/VHL records.  Again, this removal happened in the middle of an election where that particular voter had already been issued a live ballot!

A few of these IDs actually “reappear” in the DAL records.  ID “230*****” is one example, and a screenshot of its chronological record is below.  The ballot shows as being ISSUED until Oct 14th 2021.  It then disappears from the DAL record completely until the data pull on Oct 24th, where it shows up again as DELETED.  This status is maintained until Nov 6th 2021 when it starts oscillating between “Marked” and “deleted” until it finally lands on “Marked” in the Dec 5 DAL file pull.  The entire time the Application status is in the “Approved” state for this voter ID.  From my discussions with registrars and election officials the “Marked” designation signifies that a ballot has been received by the registrar for that voter and is slated to be tabulated.

I have poked ELECT on twitter (@wwrkds) on this matter to try and get an official response, and submitted questions on this matter to Ashley Coles at ELECT, per the advice of my local board of elections chair. Her response to me is below:

I will update this post as information changes.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical Uncategorized

In-Person Early Vote records added after the close of Early Voting in VA 2021

Note: there has been an update and follow up to this entry that you can read here.

BLUF: There were 4632 In-Person Early Vote records inserted into the Daily Absentee List (DAL) records after the close of early voting in VA in 2021. There is no plausible explanation as to why these records should have been legitimately added retrospectively that I am aware of.

The RPV and candidates were made aware of this information at the time of its discovery (~Nov 8th), but I specifically held off on publishing this information publicly until the candidates who wanted to contest or perform recounts had a chance to do so and that process was completed.

The Daily Absentee List (DAL) is a view of the status of Absentee and Early Vote ballots that is maintained by the Virginia Department of Elections and is available to qualified individuals, campaigns and organizations doing Get-Out-The-Vote (GOTV) efforts, etc. It is continuously updated over the course of an election, and is useful for tracking the number of Early and Absentee votes and their status as the early voting period is underway. Note that the DAL only tracks the status of early and absentee ballots, not the vote totals.

Through VA RPV candidates and PAC’s that I volunteer with, I was provided access to the DAL data for the 2021 election and I ran daily analysis and statistics on the DAL throughout the early voting period. That access came in the form of a link to a downloadable comma-seperated-value (csv) file from the Dept of Elections website. I downloaded snapshots of the DAL repeatedly over the election period, and I archived and time-stamped all of those downloads.

Important Dates:

  • The first day of Early Voting in VA was Sept 17, 2021.
  • The last day to register to vote in the VA 2021 elections was Oct 12, 2021.
  • The last day to request a by-mail absentee ballot was Oct 22, 2021.
  • The last day of Early Voting in VA was Oct 30, 2021.

Note that individuals can request mail-in absentee ballots prior to this date, but ballots do not get “Issued” and sent to the voter until the candidates and the ballot format has been finalized.

The DAL records are generated via the information in the poll-books at early voting stations, as well as through registrars and other election officials manually updating information with respect to mail-in absentee ballots. When a person is physically checked into an early voting site in order to vote early “On Machine”, their check-in information is updated and viewable (usually by the next day) in the DAL download. The DAL record will have a new entry with “APP_STATUS”=”Approved” and “BALLOT_STATUS”=”On Machine” for the voter when this occurs. The actual content of their ballot remains secret until the votes are counted after the close of the early voting period, when the scanning machines are closed out and their totals are computed and final reports are generated.

For Mail-In Absentee ballots the DAL records begin with the request for an absentee ballot. If the voter is qualified and the request is approved (“APP_STATUS”=”Approved”) a ballot is issued to the voter (“BALLOT_STATUS=”Issued”). When the ballot is returned to the registrar its “BALLOT_STATUS” is updated to “Marked”. When the ballot envelope is opened by elections staff and the ballot is scanned into a scanning machine, the “BALLOT_STATUS” is updated to “Pre-Processed”. The ballot record stays in this state until the early voting period ends and the vote totals are computed.

If a voter who previously requested a mail-in ballot decides to vote early in person, they must either bring their mail-in ballot with them to be spoiled or attest that they have lost or destroyed the ballot. The mail in ballot record is then cancelled and the in-person check-in and DAL records update occurs as above.

In figure 1 below we can see the summary of the DAL entries for VA House District 10 over time that illustrates this process. As time progresses we see a decrease in the amount of “Issued” ballots as well as corresponding changes in the “Marked” and “Pre-Processed” totals. Independently we see the in-person “On Machine” totals increasing until it stops changing after the early voting period ends (Oct 30th). Note that there is approximately a 1-2 day lag in my ability to observe these changes which is created from the combination of the discrete times that the DAL report file is generated on the VA servers, as well as the discrete times that I was polling the url link to grab these updated files. The “Issued”, “Marked” and “Pre-Processed” totals continue to be adjusted as the registrars office receives and processes mail in ballots.

Figure 1

Notice that the “OnMachine” trace of figure 1 flat-lines after Nov 1st. This is as expected, as all of the Early Voting sites have been closed up and there are no more people physically walking in, checking in on the poll books, and casting In-Person Early Votes. Note that the the “Day-Of” voting machines and poll-books are kept as separate systems and data records from the Early Vote systems.

As I was constantly producing and reprocessing these plots I noticed something interesting was occurring in various localities and precincts. Figure 2 below shows the same plot from State House District 097 (Hanover County). Everything looks fine until we see an uptick in the total number of “OnMachine” records in the DAL file that was pulled Nov 5 from the VA Dept of State weblink. I have had discussion with multiple elections officials and officers, and I have not yet been able to determine any legitimate reason for this uptick.

Figure 2

To dig in a little further I went back and reprocessed by House Congressional District all of the DAL data. Each of the DAL files has application receipt and ballot receipt dates associated with each “On Machine” entry. These two dates are the same for “On Machine” In Person Early Votes and correspond to the day that the person to cast their vote. I plotted all of the ballot receipt dates for each category of countable ballots (“On Machine”, “Marked”, “Pre-Processed” or “FWAB”) as well as the Application receive date of “Issued” ballots for each pulled DAL file and stitched these sequences together into movie sequences. The result for State House District 097 is shown below. Notice in the last few frames of the movie, corresponding to the bump in figure 2 above, we see that the DAL file gets injected with approximately 750 entries that have a “back-dated” receipt date of Oct 15 and the entire “On Machine” curve jumps accordingly. The still frames corresponding to the DAL files I downloaded at 2021-11-04 21:15:42 and 2021-11-05 09:44:23 are shown side by side in the gallery below the embedded movie.

We also see this large injection of backdated records in HD055 (also Hanover County) during the same DAL file update. But in this case the backdated ballots have a ballot receipt date that pre-dates the start of early voting. I’m not quite sure how people could have walked into an early voting precinct and checked into a poll book before the early voting precinct ever was setup or opened. The video sequence and the still images from 2021-11-04 21:15:42 and 2021-11-05 09:44:23 are again presented below.

Video of 055

If we try to look at all of the DAL file updates since Oct 31 (exclusive, to allow margin for data lag) we find that as of this writing there are 4632 new “Approved” and “On Machine” records that have been inserted into the DAL data since the close of early voting. Even more interesting is the distribution of the BALLOT_RECEIPT_DATE that has been applied to these additional records. We can see the large spike attributed to Oct 15th in Hanover County that originally caught my attention, but we also see a large number of dates that are before or after the early voting period, with an underlying exponential distribution during the valid early voting period.

There is no plausible legitimate explanation for these additions to the DAL records after the fact. This is unlikely to be a clerical or human error, as the syncing of “On Machine” records to the DAL database happens near realtime via the poll-book systems. This is not an isolated poll-book that wasn’t shut-down or syncing properly, as it is occurring throughout multiple localities and precincts. There is no explanation or justification for why these insertions would happen nearly a week after the end of the early voting period. There is no explanation or justification as to why the BALLOT_RECEIPT_DATE entries are outside of the legitimate early voting period.

I give the tallied distribution of these injected DAL records, by date of injection, by Locality, and by Precinct in the csv files and tables below for reference.

DAL Filename (Download Date & Time)Number Of Injected “On Machine” DAL Records
Daily_Absentee_List_20211101T235927.csv24
Daily_Absentee_List_20211102T235655.csv37
Daily_Absentee_List_20211103T222822.csv26
Daily_Absentee_List_20211104T211542.csv578
Daily_Absentee_List_20211105T215045.csv2039
Daily_Absentee_List_20211106T232716.csv1928
Locality NameNumber Of Injected “On Machine” DAL Records
LOUDOUN COUNTY1515
HANOVER COUNTY1310
ARLINGTON COUNTY187
CHESAPEAKE CITY99
HENRICO COUNTY73
MONTGOMERY COUNTY67
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY59
YORK COUNTY46
TAZEWELL COUNTY45
FAIRFAX COUNTY37
KING GEORGE COUNTY37
WASHINGTON COUNTY35
GLOUCESTER COUNTY34
SHENANDOAH COUNTY34
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY33
BOTETOURT COUNTY30
PULASKI COUNTY30
FREDERICKSBURG CITY29
GILES COUNTY29
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY29
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY29
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY28
NEWPORT NEWS CITY26
NORFOLK CITY26
WINCHESTER CITY24
FREDERICK COUNTY23
CAROLINE COUNTY21
ROANOKE COUNTY21
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY21
RUSSELL COUNTY19
STAFFORD COUNTY19
SUFFOLK CITY19
MANASSAS CITY18
CAMPBELL COUNTY17
FAUQUIER COUNTY17
RICHMOND CITY16
LANCASTER COUNTY15
ORANGE COUNTY15
WILLIAMSBURG CITY15
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY14
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY13
MECKLENBURG COUNTY13
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY13
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY13
WARREN COUNTY13
APPOMATTOX COUNTY12
AUGUSTA COUNTY12
LYNCHBURG CITY12
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY11
JAMES CITY COUNTY11
WISE COUNTY11
GOOCHLAND COUNTY10
PORTSMOUTH CITY10
ACCOMACK COUNTY9
ALBEMARLE COUNTY9
BRISTOL CITY9
ESSEX COUNTY9
HALIFAX COUNTY9
LOUISA COUNTY9
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY9
CARROLL COUNTY8
DINWIDDIE COUNTY8
HARRISONBURG CITY8
ALEXANDRIA CITY7
AMELIA COUNTY7
FALLS CHURCH CITY7
GREENSVILLE COUNTY7
HAMPTON CITY7
HOPEWELL CITY7
KING WILLIAM COUNTY7
HENRY COUNTY6
LUNENBURG COUNTY6
MATHEWS COUNTY6
NELSON COUNTY6
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY6
ROANOKE CITY6
AMHERST COUNTY5
BEDFORD COUNTY5
CHARLES CITY COUNTY5
CLARKE COUNTY5
EMPORIA CITY5
FLUVANNA COUNTY5
FRANKLIN COUNTY5
GRAYSON COUNTY5
GREENE COUNTY5
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY5
POWHATAN COUNTY5
ALLEGHANY COUNTY4
BATH COUNTY4
BUCHANAN COUNTY4
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY4
CHARLOTTE COUNTY4
CUMBERLAND COUNTY4
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY4
WYTHE COUNTY4
BRUNSWICK COUNTY3
DICKENSON COUNTY3
FAIRFAX CITY3
FRANKLIN CITY3
MIDDLESEX COUNTY3
POQUOSON CITY3
RADFORD CITY3
STAUNTON CITY3
SUSSEX COUNTY3
WAYNESBORO CITY3
WESTMORELAND COUNTY3
CULPEPER COUNTY2
DANVILLE CITY2
FLOYD COUNTY2
KING & QUEEN COUNTY2
NOTTOWAY COUNTY2
PATRICK COUNTY2
PETERSBURG CITY2
SALEM CITY2
SOUTHAMPTON COUNTY2
BLAND COUNTY1
COVINGTON CITY1
HIGHLAND COUNTY1
LEXINGTON CITY1
MADISON COUNTY1
NORTON CITY1
SMYTH COUNTY1
Locality + Precinct NameNumber Of Injected “On Machine” DAL Records
HANOVER COUNTY 704 – ELMONT 055667
HANOVER COUNTY 602 – LEE DAVIS 097635
LOUDOUN COUNTY 416 – HAMILTON 033445
LOUDOUN COUNTY 214 – SUGARLAND NORTH 034349
LOUDOUN COUNTY 708 – SENECA 034320
LOUDOUN COUNTY 628 – MOOREFIELD STATION 03299
LOUDOUN COUNTY 319 – JOHN CHAMPE 08723
LOUDOUN COUNTY 313 – PINEBROOK 08718
LOUDOUN COUNTY 112 – FREEDOM 08717
TAZEWELL COUNTY 209 – JEFFERSONVILLE 00314
GILES COUNTY 201 – PEARISBURG 01213
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 401 – WOODSTOCK 01513
KING GEORGE COUNTY 401 – SHILOH 09912
LOUDOUN COUNTY 107 – LITTLE RIVER 06712
LOUDOUN COUNTY 122 – HUTCHISON FARM 08712
LOUDOUN COUNTY 126-GOSHEN POST 08712
LOUDOUN COUNTY 316 – CREIGHTON’S CORNER 01012
ARLINGTON COUNTY 010 – WILSON 04811
ARLINGTON COUNTY 019 – ROSSLYN 04811
KING GEORGE COUNTY 201 – MONROE 09911
PULASKI COUNTY 401 – MASSIE 00711
ARLINGTON COUNTY 018 – PARK LANE 04710
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY 401 – PRECINCT 4-1 10010
RUSSELL COUNTY 501 – WEST LEBANON 00410
ARLINGTON COUNTY 041 – NAVY LEAGUE 0479
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT 1-1 1009
WASHINGTON COUNTY 302 – SOUTH ABINGDON 0049
ARLINGTON COUNTY 009 – COLUMBIA 0498
ARLINGTON COUNTY 048 – AUSA 0478
CHESAPEAKE CITY 055 – GEORGETOWN EAST 0778
FREDERICKSBURG CITY 401 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT FOUR 0288
KING GEORGE COUNTY 101 – COURTHOUSE 0998
LOUDOUN COUNTY 114 – DULLES SOUTH 0678
LOUDOUN COUNTY 408 – EVERGREEN 0108
WILLIAMSBURG CITY 002 – MATOAKA 0938
WINCHESTER CITY 101 – MERRIMANS 0298
ARLINGTON COUNTY 004 – BALLSTON 0477
ARLINGTON COUNTY 016 – LYON VILLAGE 0487
ARLINGTON COUNTY 026 – FILLMORE 0497
ARLINGTON COUNTY 040 – VIRGINIA SQUARE 0477
BOTETOURT COUNTY 101 – DALEVILLE 0197
BOTETOURT COUNTY 406 – FINCASTLE 0197
CHESAPEAKE CITY 053 – FAIRWAYS 0777
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 302 – ROANES 0987
LOUDOUN COUNTY 121 – TOWN HALL 0877
LOUDOUN COUNTY 318 – MADISON’S TRUST 0107
LOUDOUN COUNTY 509 – TOLBERT 0107
LOUDOUN COUNTY 623 – WELLER 0327
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 202 – PRECINCT B-2 0087
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 203 – PRECINCT B-3 0077
PULASKI COUNTY 501 – ROBINSON 0077
YORK COUNTY 401 – HARWOODS MILL 0937
YORK COUNTY 402 – DARE 0967
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 102 – CLARK 0576
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 302 – JOHNSON 0576
CHESAPEAKE CITY 008 – SOUTH NORFOLK RECREATION 0776
CHESAPEAKE CITY 012 – GEORGETOWN 0776
FREDERICKSBURG CITY 201 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT TWO 0286
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 401 – HAYES 0986
LOUDOUN COUNTY 124 – LIBERTY 0876
LOUDOUN COUNTY 320 – STONE HILL 0876
LOUDOUN COUNTY 409 – CLARKES GAP 0336
LOUDOUN COUNTY 817 – SANDERS CORNER 0326
MATHEWS COUNTY 003 – PIANKATANK 0986
NORFOLK CITY 211 – CHRYSLER MUSEUM 0896
TAZEWELL COUNTY 301 – CEDAR BLUFF 0036
TAZEWELL COUNTY 401 – RICHLANDS 0036
WILLIAMSBURG CITY 001 – STRYKER 0936
YORK COUNTY 201 – COVENTRY 0936
ACCOMACK COUNTY 502 – RUE 1005
ARLINGTON COUNTY 053 – MET PARK 0495
CAMPBELL COUNTY 402 – COURT HOUSE 0595
CAROLINE COUNTY 202 – SOUTH MADISON 0555
CAROLINE COUNTY 501 – WEST MATTAPONI 0555
CHESAPEAKE CITY 018 – INDIAN RIVER 0775
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY 002 – SECOND 0665
ESSEX COUNTY 101 – GREATER TAPPAHANNOCK 0985
FREDERICKSBURG CITY 101 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT ONE 0885
LANCASTER COUNTY 401 – PRECINCT 4-1 0995
LOUDOUN COUNTY 119 – ARCOLA 0875
LOUDOUN COUNTY 322-BUFFALO TRAIL 0875
LOUDOUN COUNTY 616 – EAGLE RIDGE 0325
MANASSAS CITY 003 – METZ 0505
MANASSAS CITY 005 – BALDWIN 0505
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 701 – PRECINCT G-1 0125
TAZEWELL COUNTY 501 – SPRINGVILLE 0035
WASHINGTON COUNTY 101 – EAST ABINGDON 0045
WASHINGTON COUNTY 301 – WATAUGA 0055
WINCHESTER CITY 201 – VIRGINIA AVENUE 0295
YORK COUNTY 302 – YORKTOWN 0965
ARLINGTON COUNTY 008 – HUME 0494
ARLINGTON COUNTY 017 – OVERLEE KNOLLS 0474
ARLINGTON COUNTY 025 – ARLINGTON FOREST 0474
ARLINGTON COUNTY 029 – DOMINION HILLS 0474
ARLINGTON COUNTY 042 – SHIRLINGTON 0454
ARLINGTON COUNTY 046 – CENTRAL 0474
ARLINGTON COUNTY 054 – GARFIELD PARK 0474
BOTETOURT COUNTY 201 – BLUE RIDGE 0194
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 101 – Key Recreation 0574
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 201 – CARVER 0574
CHESAPEAKE CITY 029 – TANGLEWOOD 0774
CHESAPEAKE CITY 042 – PARKWAYS 0774
CHESAPEAKE CITY 059 – CLEARFIELD 0784
CHESAPEAKE CITY 065 – WATERWAY II 0214
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 308 – SOUTH MANCHESTER 0274
FREDERICKSBURG CITY 301 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT THREE 0884
FREDERICKSBURG CITY 402 – PRECINCT 2 – DISTRICT FOUR 0884
GILES COUNTY 103 – NARROWS 0124
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 101 – HARCUM 0984
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 201 – COURTHOUSE 0984
HENRICO COUNTY 106 – HERMITAGE 0724
HENRICO COUNTY 303 – INNSBROOK 0724
KING GEORGE COUNTY 301 – DAHLGREN 0994
LANCASTER COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0994
LOUDOUN COUNTY 123 – CARDINAL RIDGE 0674
LOUDOUN COUNTY 308 – ST LOUIS 0104
LOUDOUN COUNTY 420 – RIVER CREEK 0104
LOUDOUN COUNTY 813 – SELDENS LANDING 0324
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT A-1 0084
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 102 – PRECINCT A-2 0124
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 204 – PRECINCT B-4 0074
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 602 – PRECINCT F-2 0124
ORANGE COUNTY 301 – THREE WEST 0304
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 201 – BLAND 0644
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 503 – TOMS BROOK 0154
WINCHESTER CITY 402 – ROLLING HILLS 0294
AMELIA COUNTY 301 – NUMBER THREE 0613
APPOMATTOX COUNTY 202 – SPOUT SPRING 0593
APPOMATTOX COUNTY 401 – COURTHOUSE 0593
ARLINGTON COUNTY 007 – CHERRYDALE 0483
ARLINGTON COUNTY 020 – THRIFTON 0483
ARLINGTON COUNTY 023 – WESTOVER 0473
ARLINGTON COUNTY 027 – JEFFERSON 0493
ARLINGTON COUNTY 028 – WAKEFIELD 0493
ARLINGTON COUNTY 035 – MADISON 0483
ARLINGTON COUNTY 036 – MARSHALL 0483
ARLINGTON COUNTY 039 – ASHLAWN 0473
ARLINGTON COUNTY 044 – DAWSON TERRACE 0483
ARLINGTON COUNTY 049 – MONROE 0473
ARLINGTON COUNTY 050 – CRYSTAL PLAZA 0483
BOTETOURT COUNTY 205 – ORCHARDS 0173
BRISTOL CITY 002 – SECOND WARD 0053
BRISTOL CITY 003 – THIRD WARD 0053
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 202 – WALKER 0573
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 301 – BENJAMIN TONSLER 0573
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 303 – BUFORD 0573
CHESAPEAKE CITY 005 – CRESTWOOD 0773
CHESAPEAKE CITY 016 – HICKORY GROVE 0783
CHESAPEAKE CITY 022 – NORFOLK HIGHLANDS 0773
CHESAPEAKE CITY 056 – GREEN TREE 0773
CHESAPEAKE CITY 057 – CYPRESS 0773
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 109 – ELIZABETH SCOTT 0623
CUMBERLAND COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 3 0613
DINWIDDIE COUNTY 402 – MCKENNEY 0633
FALLS CHURCH CITY 001 – FIRST WARD 0533
FREDERICK COUNTY 101 – MERRIMANS 0293
FREDERICK COUNTY 203 – REDLAND 0293
GILES COUNTY 102 – RICH CREEK 0123
GILES COUNTY 302 – PEMBROKE 0123
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 301 – WHITE MARSH 0983
GRAYSON COUNTY 203 – INDEPENDENCE 0053
HARRISONBURG CITY 305 – MASSANETTA SPRINGS 0253
HENRICO COUNTY 308 – RIVERS EDGE 0563
HENRICO COUNTY 514 – ROLFE 0703
HOPEWELL CITY 301 – WARD THREE 0623
LANCASTER COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT 1-1 0993
LOUDOUN COUNTY 108 – MERCER 0873
LOUDOUN COUNTY 118 – MOOREFIELD 0323
LOUDOUN COUNTY 120 – LUNSFORD 0873
LOUDOUN COUNTY 201 – BERRYVILLE 0333
LOUDOUN COUNTY 219 – GALILEE CHURCH 0323
LOUDOUN COUNTY 321 – BRAMBLETON MIDDLE 0103
LOUDOUN COUNTY 402 – WATERFORD 0333
LOUDOUN COUNTY 502 – EAST LEESBURG 0103
LOUDOUN COUNTY 505 – COOL SPRING 0103
LOUDOUN COUNTY 506 – BRANDON PARK 0103
LOUDOUN COUNTY 620 – RUSSELL BRANCH 0323
LOUDOUN COUNTY 627 – ASHBROOK 0323
LOUDOUN COUNTY 808 – STONE BRIDGE 0323
LOUDOUN COUNTY 814 – NEWTON – LEE 0323
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 903 – CLARKSVILLE 0613
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT C-1 0083
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 304 – PRECINCT C-4 0083
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 405 – PRECINCT D-5 0073
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT E-1 0073
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 601 – PRECINCT F-1 0123
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 1003
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT 5-1 1003
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY 501 – 5A 0993
PORTSMOUTH CITY 001 – EMANUEL A. M. E. CHURCH 0803
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 101 – FARMVILLE 0603
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 701 – WEST END 0603
PULASKI COUNTY 102 – NEW RIVER 0123
PULASKI COUNTY 103 – WEST CLOYD 0073
ROANOKE COUNTY 507 – HUNTING HILLS 0173
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 202 – EDOM 0263
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 503 – MCGAHEYSVILLE 0583
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 103 – NEW MARKET 0153
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 302 – EDINBURG 0153
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 303 – ST LUKE 0153
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 601 – STRASBURG 0153
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT ONE 0883
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 505 – BROCK 0543
TAZEWELL COUNTY 103 – MUNDY TOWN 0033
TAZEWELL COUNTY 303 – PAINT LICK 0033
WARREN COUNTY 202 – LINDEN 0183
WASHINGTON COUNTY 402 – MEADOWVIEW 0053
WASHINGTON COUNTY 502 – DAMASCUS 0053
WISE COUNTY 202 – WISE 0013
WISE COUNTY 302 – EAST STONE GAP 0013
YORK COUNTY 101 – QUEENS LAKE 0963
YORK COUNTY 103 – MAGRUDER 0963
YORK COUNTY 303 – EDGEHILL 0933
YORK COUNTY 502 – BETHEL 0913
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 101 – ZION 0562
ALLEGHANY COUNTY 101 – ARRITT 0192
ALLEGHANY COUNTY 701 – DISTRICT 2 0192
AMELIA COUNTY 501 – NUMBER FIVE 0612
AMHERST COUNTY 201 – COURT HOUSE 0242
AMHERST COUNTY 501 – MADISON 0232
APPOMATTOX COUNTY 102 – PAMPLIN 0592
APPOMATTOX COUNTY 301 – US  460 0592
ARLINGTON COUNTY 002 – ASHTON HEIGHTS 0472
ARLINGTON COUNTY 006 – CRYSTAL CITY 0482
ARLINGTON COUNTY 014 – CLARENDON 0472
ARLINGTON COUNTY 015 – LYON PARK 0472
ARLINGTON COUNTY 024 – WOODLAWN 0482
ARLINGTON COUNTY 030 – GLEBE 0492
ARLINGTON COUNTY 032 – OAKRIDGE 0452
ARLINGTON COUNTY 034 – YORKTOWN 0482
ARLINGTON COUNTY 038 – ARLINGTON VIEW 0492
ARLINGTON COUNTY 045 – BUCKINGHAM 0472
ARLINGTON COUNTY 047 – FOUR MILE RUN 0492
AUGUSTA COUNTY 301 – FORT DEFIANCE 0252
AUGUSTA COUNTY 501 – GREENVILLE 0242
AUGUSTA COUNTY 801 – DOOMS 0252
BATH COUNTY 201 – HOT SPRINGS 0242
BOTETOURT COUNTY 301 – 3A 0992
BOTETOURT COUNTY 302 – MILL CREEK 0192
BRISTOL CITY 004 – FOURTH WARD 0052
BRUNSWICK COUNTY 501 – TOTARO 0752
BUCHANAN COUNTY 403 – SOUTH GRUNDY 0032
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT 1 0612
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY 302 – MT PLEASANT 0602
CAMPBELL COUNTY 201 – WALKER 0222
CAMPBELL COUNTY 601 – KINGS 0222
CAMPBELL COUNTY 602 – CONCORD 0592
CAROLINE COUNTY 102 – SPARTA 0992
CAROLINE COUNTY 201 – NORTH MADISON 0552
CAROLINE COUNTY 302 – WOODFORD 0542
CARROLL COUNTY 105 – FANCY GAP 0062
CARROLL COUNTY 201 – HILLSVILLE B 0062
CHARLES CITY COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT 1-1 0702
CHARLES CITY COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 3-1 0702
CHARLOTTE COUNTY 702 – BACON/SAXE 0602
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 401 – VENABLE 0572
CHESAPEAKE CITY 010 – OSCAR SMITH 0772
CHESAPEAKE CITY 014 – GRASSFIELD 0782
CHESAPEAKE CITY 015 – GREENBRIER MIDDLE SCHOOL 0772
CHESAPEAKE CITY 023 – OAK GROVE 0782
CHESAPEAKE CITY 024 – OAKLETTE 0772
CHESAPEAKE CITY 031 – CARVER SCHOOL 0772
CHESAPEAKE CITY 032 – PROVIDENCE 0772
CHESAPEAKE CITY 034 – HICKORY MIDDLE SCHOOL 0782
CHESAPEAKE CITY 043 – PLEASANT CROSSING 0782
CHESAPEAKE CITY 201 – BARTLETT 0642
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 202 – SUTHERLAND 0632
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 204 – COURTS BLDG 0642
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 214 – LONGDALE 0742
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 304 – WINFREES STORE 0632
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 316 – SPRING RUN 0272
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 319 – MAGNOLIA 0652
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 404 – PROVIDENCE 0272
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 501 – FIFTH WARD FIRST PRECINCT 0632
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 518 – WHITLOCKS 0702
CLARKE COUNTY 401 – MINERAL 0562
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY 001 – FIRST 0662
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY 004 – FOURTH 0662
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY 101 – WARD ONE 0622
DINWIDDIE COUNTY 202 – SUTHERLAND 0632
DINWIDDIE COUNTY 303 – LITTLE ZION 0632
EMPORIA CITY 601 – DISTRICT 6 0752
ESSEX COUNTY 201 – NORTH 0982
FAIRFAX CITY 040 – VIRGINIA SQUARE 0472
FAIRFAX COUNTY 318 – WESTMORELAND 0482
FAIRFAX COUNTY 501 – BAILEYS #1 0382
FAIRFAX COUNTY 502 – BENTONVILLE 0152
FALLS CHURCH CITY 003 – THIRD WARD 0532
FAUQUIER COUNTY 101 – ZION 0562
FAUQUIER COUNTY 404 – SPRINGS VALLEY 0182
FAUQUIER COUNTY 501 – THE PLAINS 0182
FLUVANNA COUNTY 101 – PALMYRA 0582
FRANKLIN COUNTY 415 – SKIPWITH 0732
FREDERICK COUNTY 401 – CARPERS VALLEY 0102
FREDERICK COUNTY 503 – CANTERBURG 0292
FREDERICK COUNTY 603 – GREENWOOD 0332
GILES COUNTY 301 – EGGLESTON 0122
GILES COUNTY 303 – NEWPORT 0122
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 202 – BOTETOURT 0982
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 402 – SARAHS CREEK 0982
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 501 – ACHILLES 0982
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 202 – SANDY HOOK 0652
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 402 – CENTERVILLE 0562
GREENE COUNTY 201 – RUCKERSVILLE 0582
GREENSVILLE COUNTY 202 – PRECINCT 2-B 0752
GREENSVILLE COUNTY 402 – PRECINCT 4-B 0752
HALIFAX COUNTY 403 – CENTER 0602
HALIFAX COUNTY 801 – SOUTH BOSTON 0602
HAMPTON CITY 103 – MAGRUDER 0962
HAMPTON CITY 211 – PALMER 0952
HANOVER COUNTY 408 – LAUDERDALE 0722
HENRICO COUNTY 102 – DUMBARTON 0722
HENRICO COUNTY 105 – GREENDALE 0722
HENRICO COUNTY 110 – JOHNSON 0732
HENRICO COUNTY 215 – MAPLEWOOD 0742
HENRICO COUNTY 216 – MOODY 0742
HENRICO COUNTY 301 – CAUSEWAY 0562
HENRICO COUNTY 302 – CEDARFIELD 0732
HENRICO COUNTY 304 – JACKSON DAVIS 0732
HENRICO COUNTY 402 – CENTERVILLE 0562
HENRICO COUNTY 504 – DONAHOE 0742
HENRICO COUNTY 506 – EANES 0702
HENRICO COUNTY 508 – HIGHLAND SPRINGS 0742
HENRICO COUNTY 516 – SULLIVANS 0702
HENRY COUNTY 505 – DYERS STORE 0162
HOPEWELL CITY 401 – WARD FOUR 0622
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 101 – SMITHFIELD 0642
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 302 – PONS 0642
JAMES CITY COUNTY 403 – STONEHOUSE C 0962
KING WILLIAM COUNTY 101 – HARTWOOD 0882
KING WILLIAM COUNTY 202 – COURTHOUSE 0972
LOUDOUN COUNTY 117 – CARTER 0872
LOUDOUN COUNTY 207 – RIVER BEND 0342
LOUDOUN COUNTY 208 – ALGONKIAN 0322
LOUDOUN COUNTY 217 – SOUTH BANK 0342
LOUDOUN COUNTY 218 – UNIVERSITY CENTER 0322
LOUDOUN COUNTY 301 – PURCELLVILLE 0332
LOUDOUN COUNTY 302 – ROUND HILL 0332
LOUDOUN COUNTY 309 – ALDIE 0102
LOUDOUN COUNTY 310 – MOUNTAIN VIEW 0332
LOUDOUN COUNTY 311 – ROUND HILL ELEMENTARY 0332
LOUDOUN COUNTY 422 – SYCOLIN CREEK 0102
LOUDOUN COUNTY 501 – WEST LEESBURG 0102
LOUDOUN COUNTY 504 – SMARTS MILL 0102
LOUDOUN COUNTY 617 – OAK GROVE 0872
LOUDOUN COUNTY 619 – RIDGETOP 0872
LOUDOUN COUNTY 621 – DOMINION TRAIL 0322
LOUDOUN COUNTY 629 – DISCOVERY 0872
LOUDOUN COUNTY 815 – BELMONT RIDGE 0322
LOUDOUN COUNTY 819 – HERITAGE CHURCH 0322
LOUISA COUNTY 301 – PATRICK HENRY NO 1 0562
LOUISA COUNTY 401 – MINERAL 0562
LYNCHBURG CITY 404 – FOURTH WARD FOURTH PRECINCT 0232
MANASSAS CITY 001 – DEAN 0502
MANASSAS CITY 006 – ROUND 0502
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 202 – BLUESTONE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 0612
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 501 – SOUTH HILL 0612
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 103 – PRECINCT A-3 0122
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 201 – LITTLE RIVER 0072
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 403 – PRECINCT D-3 0072
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 502 – PRECINCT E-2 0122
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 702 – PRECINCT G-2 0122
NELSON COUNTY 301 – SHIPMAN 0592
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 102 – STONEY RUN 0942
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 104 – MCINTOSH 0942
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 205 – DEEP CREEK 0942
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 219 – DEER PARK 0952
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 304 – CHESTNUT 0952
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 315 – SEDGEFIELD 0952
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 320 – WATKINS 0952
NORFOLK CITY 306 – LINDENWOOD 0892
NORFOLK CITY 507 – PRETLOW 1002
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 3-1 1002
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY 307 – CROSSROADS 0252
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY 101 – 1A 0992
ORANGE COUNTY 101 – ONE WEST 0302
ORANGE COUNTY 102 – ONE EAST 0302
ORANGE COUNTY 202 – TWO EAST 0302
PORTSMOUTH CITY 031 – WEST PARK CHURCH OF CHRIST 0802
POWHATAN COUNTY 101 – VERA 0592
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 302 – MT PLEASANT 0602
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 302 – PRECINCT 3-2 0612
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 102 – TEMPLETON 0642
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 204 – COURTS BLDG 0642
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 203 – RUBY 0022
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 409 – TYLER 0132
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 513 – LYNNWOOD 0512
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 712 – LEESYLVANIA 0022
PULASKI COUNTY 202 – SOUTH PULASKI 0072
PULASKI COUNTY 301 – DUBLIN 0072
RICHMOND CITY 402 – CRESTVIEW 0732
ROANOKE COUNTY 202 – BURLINGTON 0172
ROANOKE COUNTY 205 – ORCHARDS 0172
ROANOKE COUNTY 503 – CAVE SPRING 0082
ROANOKE COUNTY 504 – OGDEN 0172
ROANOKE COUNTY 506 – MOUNT VERNON 0172
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY 101 – AIRPORT 0242
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY 402 – MOUNTAIN VIEW 0242
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 204 – MT CLINTON 0262
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 303 – MELROSE 0262
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 307 – CROSSROADS 0252
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 502 – SWIFT RUN 0582
RUSSELL COUNTY 304 – CLEVELAND 0042
RUSSELL COUNTY 602 – ELK GARDEN 0042
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 201 – CONICVILLE 0152
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 202 – MT JACKSON 0152
STAFFORD COUNTY 302 – WIDEWATER 0022
STAFFORD COUNTY 402 – COURTHOUSE 0282
STAFFORD COUNTY 502 – FLINT HILL 0182
SUFFOLK CITY 504 – LAKE COHOON 0762
SUFFOLK CITY 602 – OLDE TOWNE 0762
TAZEWELL COUNTY 102 – TIP TOP 0032
TAZEWELL COUNTY 104 – FALLS MILLS 0032
TAZEWELL COUNTY 502 – GRAHAM 0032
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 010 – GREAT NECK 0822
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 502 – BETHEL 0912
WARREN COUNTY 501 – SOUTH RIVER 0182
WARREN COUNTY 504 – BROWNTOWN 0152
WARREN COUNTY 601 – STRASBURG 0152
WASHINGTON COUNTY 603 – VALLEY INSTITUTE 0042
WASHINGTON COUNTY 701 – HIGH POINT 0052
WAYNESBORO CITY 603 – LYNDHURST 0202
WINCHESTER CITY 102 – OLD TOWN 0292
WINCHESTER CITY 103 – KERNSTOWN 0292
WISE COUNTY 401 – CLINCH VALLEY 0012
WYTHE COUNTY 401 – FRIES 0052
YORK COUNTY 301 – SEAFORD 0962
YORK COUNTY 303 – EDGEHILL 0962
YORK COUNTY 403 – GRAFTON 0962
YORK COUNTY 501 – TABB 0932
ACCOMACK COUNTY 301 – NEW CHURCH 1001
ACCOMACK COUNTY 701 – NANDUA 1001
ACCOMACK COUNTY 802 – MELFA 1001
ACCOMACK COUNTY 901 – PAINTER 1001
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 101 – Key Recreation 0571
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 101 – ROCKFISH 0201
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 102 – CLARK 0571
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 301 – BENJAMIN TONSLER 0571
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 401 – MIDWAY 0581
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 502 – BETHEL 0911
ALBEMARLE COUNTY 502 – NELLYSFORD 0201
ALEXANDRIA CITY 101 – HARTWOOD 0881
ALEXANDRIA CITY 102 – CITY HALL 0451
ALEXANDRIA CITY 110 – CHARLES HOUSTON CENTER 0451
ALEXANDRIA CITY 201 – NAOMI L. BROOKS SCHOOL 0451
ALEXANDRIA CITY 304 – SAMUEL TUCKER SCHOOL 0461
ALEXANDRIA CITY 318 – MADISON’S TRUST 0101
ALEXANDRIA CITY 616 – EAGLE RIDGE 0321
AMELIA COUNTY 301 – BENJAMIN TONSLER 0571
AMELIA COUNTY 401 – NUMBER FOUR 0611
AMHERST COUNTY 102 – NEW GLASGOW 0241
APPOMATTOX COUNTY 501 – DARLINGTON HTS 0601
APPOMATTOX COUNTY 501 – OAKVILLE 0591
ARLINGTON COUNTY 001 – ARLINGTON 0491
ARLINGTON COUNTY 003 – AURORA HILLS 0451
ARLINGTON COUNTY 005 – BARCROFT 0471
ARLINGTON COUNTY 011 – EAST FALLS CHURCH 0471
ARLINGTON COUNTY 012 – FAIRLINGTON 0451
ARLINGTON COUNTY 013 – GLEN CARLYN 0471
ARLINGTON COUNTY 022 – ABINGDON 0451
ARLINGTON COUNTY 031 – LEXINGTON 0471
ARLINGTON COUNTY 033 – ROCK SPRING 0481
ARLINGTON COUNTY 043 – CAMPBELL 0491
ARLINGTON COUNTY 101 – ZION 0561
ARLINGTON COUNTY 301 – THREE WEST 0301
ARLINGTON COUNTY 401 – THREE FORKS 0591
ARLINGTON COUNTY 407 – HARPER PARK 0101
AUGUSTA COUNTY 103 – VERONA 0251
AUGUSTA COUNTY 503 – SPOTTSWOOD 0241
AUGUSTA COUNTY 504 – WHITE HILL 0241
AUGUSTA COUNTY 601 – SHERANDO 0201
AUGUSTA COUNTY 602 – RIDGEVIEW 0241
AUGUSTA COUNTY 603 – LYNDHURST 0201
BATH COUNTY 101 – WARM SPRINGS 0241
BATH COUNTY 501 – HEALING SPRINGS 0241
BEDFORD COUNTY 101 – BROOKVILLE 0221
BEDFORD COUNTY 205 – SAUNDERS VOL FIRE CO 0221
BEDFORD COUNTY 502 – WASSONA 0061
BEDFORD COUNTY 701 – GOODE VOL RESCUE SQUAD 0191
BEDFORD COUNTY 703 – THAXTON BAPTIST CHURCH #2 0231
BLAND COUNTY 301 – HOLLYBROOK 0031
BOTETOURT COUNTY 301 – BUCHANAN 0191
BOTETOURT COUNTY 403 – EAGLE ROCK 0191
BOTETOURT COUNTY 403 – NORTH VINTON 0171
BOTETOURT COUNTY 404 – SOUTH VINTON 0171
BOTETOURT COUNTY 505 – CLEARBROOK 0171
BRISTOL CITY 001 – FIRST WARD 0051
BRUNSWICK COUNTY 402 – KING’S STORE 0751
BUCHANAN COUNTY 301 – SLATE 0031
BUCHANAN COUNTY 302 – NORTH GRUNDY 0031
CAMPBELL COUNTY 102 – NEW LONDON 0221
CAMPBELL COUNTY 201 – LOVINGSTON 0591
CAMPBELL COUNTY 401 – FOURTH WARD FIRST PRECINCT 0231
CAMPBELL COUNTY 501 – MADISON 0231
CAMPBELL COUNTY 501 – SPRING HILL 0221
CAMPBELL COUNTY 502 – YELLOW BRANCH 0591
CAROLINE COUNTY 101 – BOWLING GREEN 0991
CAROLINE COUNTY 401 – DAWN 0551
CAROLINE COUNTY 401 – SHILOH 0991
CAROLINE COUNTY 502 – MILFORD 0551
CAROLINE COUNTY 602 – LAKE 0551
CARROLL COUNTY 202 – PRECINCT B-2 0081
CARROLL COUNTY 202 – WISE 0011
CARROLL COUNTY 501 – VAUGHAN 0061
CARROLL COUNTY 502 – GLADEVILLE 0061
CHARLES CITY COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0701
CHARLOTTE COUNTY 201 – RED OAK WYLLIESBURG 0601
CHARLOTTE COUNTY 702 – SOUTH ANNA 0561
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 314 – THREE CHOPT 0731
CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY 402 – ALUMNI HALL 0571
CHESAPEAKE CITY 006 – DEEP CREEK 0811
CHESAPEAKE CITY 009 – BELLS MILL 0781
CHESAPEAKE CITY 011 – GENEVA PARK 0811
CHESAPEAKE CITY 020 – E W CHITTUM 0811
CHESAPEAKE CITY 027 – CAVALIER MANOR RECREATION CENTER 0801
CHESAPEAKE CITY 033 – WESTOVER 0771
CHESAPEAKE CITY 046 – BELLS MILL II 0781
CHESAPEAKE CITY 048 – JOLLIFF MIDDLE SCHOOL 0811
CHESAPEAKE CITY 049 – WATERWAY 0211
CHESAPEAKE CITY 050 – RIVER WALK 0771
CHESAPEAKE CITY 051 – COOPERS WAY 0781
CHESAPEAKE CITY 062 – FENTRESS 0781
CHESAPEAKE CITY 063 – POPLAR BRANCH 0781
CHESAPEAKE CITY 064 – DEEP CREEK II 0811
CHESAPEAKE CITY 121 – TOWN HALL 0871
CHESAPEAKE CITY 218 – WILLARD 0891
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 001 – FIRST 0661
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT 1 0611
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 102 – IVOR 0751
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 103 – ENON 0621
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 108 – ECOFF 0621
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 202 – GRACELAND 0651
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 206 – BELMONT 0661
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 209 – SALEM CHURCH 0621
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 210 – FIVE FORKS 0661
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 301 – ETTRICK 0661
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 301 – NUMBER THREE 0611
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 303 – MATOACA 0661
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 310 – TOMAHAWK 0651
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 313 – WOOLRIDGE 0651
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 314 – LONGHOUSE 0661
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 315 – BAILEY BRIDGE 0271
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 316 – COLONIAL TRAIL 0561
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 317 – BIRKDALE 0631
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 401 – HAMPDEN 0601
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 405 – LA PRADE 0271
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 407 – MONACAN 0271
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 410 – WAGSTAFF 0271
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 413 – RIDGEFIELD 0721
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 415 – EVERGREEN 0271
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 416 – EVERGREEN WEST 0651
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 417 – EDGEWATER 0651
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 503 – CHICKAHOMINY 0741
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 504 – ROBIOUS 0681
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 505 – DOREY 0701
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 510 – SYCAMORE 0681
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 513 – BEAUFONT 0271
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 601 – CHILESBURG 0551
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 603 – WHITE OAK 0281
CHESTERFIELD COUNTY 903 – CLARKSVILLE 0611
CLARKE COUNTY 301 – MILLWOOD 0101
CLARKE COUNTY 401 – WHITE POST 0101
CLARKE COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT E-1 0071
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY 005 – FIFTH 0661
COLONIAL HEIGHTS CITY 102 – RICH CREEK 0121
COVINGTON CITY 401 – PRECINCT 4-1 0191
CULPEPER COUNTY 201 – TWO WEST 0301
CULPEPER COUNTY 303 – CARDOVA 0301
CUMBERLAND COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT 5 0611
DANVILLE CITY 103 – TWIN SPRINGS 0161
DANVILLE CITY 405 – RINGGOLD 0141
DICKENSON COUNTY 101 – SOUTH CLINTWOOD 0041
DICKENSON COUNTY 104 – WEST POUND 0041
DICKENSON COUNTY 303 – RIDGE 0041
DINWIDDIE COUNTY 502 – CHESDIN 0631
EMPORIA CITY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0751
EMPORIA CITY 302 – PRECINCT 3-A 0751
EMPORIA CITY 401 – PRECINCT 4-1 0751
ESSEX COUNTY 301 – SOUTH 0981
ESSEX COUNTY 401 – CENTRAL 0981
FAIRFAX CITY 001 – ONE 0371
FAIRFAX COUNTY 046 – CENTRAL 0471
FAIRFAX COUNTY 101 – ZION 0561
FAIRFAX COUNTY 102 – OLD TOWN 0291
FAIRFAX COUNTY 113 – CANTERBURY 0391
FAIRFAX COUNTY 126-GOSHEN POST 0871
FAIRFAX COUNTY 132 – MONUMENT 0371
FAIRFAX COUNTY 201 – AMISSVILLE 0181
FAIRFAX COUNTY 201 – ROCK HILL 0021
FAIRFAX COUNTY 202 – TWO EAST 0301
FAIRFAX COUNTY 208 – RESTON #1 0361
FAIRFAX COUNTY 209 – RESTON #2 0361
FAIRFAX COUNTY 219 – WESTBRIAR 0341
FAIRFAX COUNTY 302 – JOHNSON 0571
FAIRFAX COUNTY 310 – KIRBY 0481
FAIRFAX COUNTY 311 – ROUND HILL ELEMENTARY 0331
FAIRFAX COUNTY 319 – JOHN CHAMPE 0871
FAIRFAX COUNTY 328 – HICKORY 0341
FAIRFAX COUNTY 401 – 4A 0991
FAIRFAX COUNTY 401 – WOODSTOCK 0151
FAIRFAX COUNTY 403 – BROOKE 0281
FAIRFAX COUNTY 404 – FRANCONIA 0431
FAIRFAX COUNTY 410 – ROSE HILL 0431
FAIRFAX COUNTY 421 – KINGSTOWNE 0431
FAIRFAX COUNTY 502 – BETHEL 0911
FAIRFAX COUNTY 502 – FIVE NORTH 0301
FAIRFAX COUNTY 622 – FARMWELL STATION 0321
FAIRFAX COUNTY 627 – ASHBROOK 0321
FAIRFAX COUNTY 701 – WOODLANDS 0881
FAIRFAX COUNTY 721 – MERRIFIELD 0531
FAIRFAX COUNTY 804 – COLCHESTER 0401
FAIRFAX COUNTY 918 – CENTREVILLE 0401
FALLS CHURCH CITY 002 – SECOND WARD 0531
FALLS CHURCH CITY 401 – VENABLE 0571
FAUQUIER COUNTY 026 – FILLMORE 0491
FAUQUIER COUNTY 101 – KETTLE RUN 0311
FAUQUIER COUNTY 102 – PASSAPATANZY 0991
FAUQUIER COUNTY 104 – LOIS 0881
FAUQUIER COUNTY 202 – AIRLIE 0181
FAUQUIER COUNTY 203 – WARRENTON 0181
FAUQUIER COUNTY 303 – BEALETON 0181
FAUQUIER COUNTY 401 – WOODSTOCK 0151
FAUQUIER COUNTY 402 – LEEDS 0181
FAUQUIER COUNTY 403 – WATERLOO 0181
FAUQUIER COUNTY 503 – BROAD RUN 0181
FLOYD COUNTY 203 – PRECINCT B-3 0071
FLOYD COUNTY 301 – COURTHOUSE 0071
FLUVANNA COUNTY 101 – FIRST WARD FIRST PRECINCT 0231
FLUVANNA COUNTY 202 – LOUISA #2 0561
FLUVANNA COUNTY 301 – PATRICK HENRY NO 1 0561
FRANKLIN CITY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0751
FRANKLIN CITY 403 – SOUTHSIDE 0761
FRANKLIN CITY 601 – PRECINCT 6-1 0751
FRANKLIN COUNTY 204 – SANDY LEVEL 0161
FRANKLIN COUNTY 401 – SOUTH LINDENWOOD 0171
FRANKLIN COUNTY 601 – BOONES MILL 0091
FREDERICK COUNTY 102 – OLD TOWN 0291
FREDERICK COUNTY 103 – KERNSTOWN 0291
FREDERICK COUNTY 201 – VIRGINIA AVENUE 0291
FREDERICK COUNTY 202 – ALBIN 0291
FREDERICK COUNTY 204 – NAIN 0291
FREDERICK COUNTY 302 – NEFF’S TOWN 0331
FREDERICK COUNTY 303 – WHITE HALL 0291
FREDERICK COUNTY 402 – SHENANDOAH 0101
FREDERICK COUNTY 403 – PARKIN’S MILL 0101
FREDERICK COUNTY 502 – NEWTOWN 0291
FREDERICK COUNTY 601 – MILLBROOK 0331
FREDERICKSBURG CITY 201 – MONROE 0991
FREDERICKSBURG CITY 201 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT TWO 0881
GILES COUNTY 102 – PRECINCT A-2 0121
GILES COUNTY 202 – STAFFORDSVILLE 0121
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 101 – FARMVILLE 0601
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 102 – SALEM 0981
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 502 – WALKER 0981
GLOUCESTER COUNTY 510 – MEHFOUD 0701
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 101 – SUBLETTS 0651
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 201 – CARVER 0571
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 302 – GOOCHLAND COURT HOUSE 2 0651
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 303 – INNSBROOK 0721
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 502 – BLAIR 0561
GOOCHLAND COUNTY 702 – SOUTH ANNA 0561
GRAYSON COUNTY 302 – FAIRVIEW 0051
GRAYSON COUNTY 402 – PROVIDENCE 0051
GREENE COUNTY 001 – NORTH SALEM NO 2 0081
GREENE COUNTY 102 – MANAKIN 0651
GREENE COUNTY 401 – MIDWAY 0581
GREENSVILLE COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0751
GREENSVILLE COUNTY 403 – PRECINCT 4-C 0751
GREENSVILLE COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT 5-1 0751
HALIFAX COUNTY 103 – REPUBLICAN GROVE 0601
HALIFAX COUNTY 103 – SOUTH CLARKSVILLE 0611
HALIFAX COUNTY 304 – VERNON HILL 0601
HALIFAX COUNTY 701 – HYCO 0601
HALIFAX COUNTY 703 – VIRGILINA 0601
HAMPTON CITY 108 – KATHERINE JOHNSON 0941
HAMPTON CITY 302 – YORKTOWN 0961
HAMPTON CITY 308 – JEFFERSON 0951
HANOVER COUNTY 001 – LEXINGTON 0241
HANOVER COUNTY 203 – BELMONT 0741
HANOVER COUNTY 218 – WILLARD 0891
HANOVER COUNTY 301 – CAUSEWAY 0561
HANOVER COUNTY 501 – MANGOHICK 0971
HANOVER COUNTY 701 – SHELTONS MILL 0561
HARRISONBURG CITY 101 – BROADWAY 0261
HARRISONBURG CITY 201 – SINGERS GLEN 0261
HARRISONBURG CITY 301 – KEEZLETOWN 0261
HARRISONBURG CITY 301 – MILLWOOD 0331
HARRISONBURG CITY 503 – MCGAHEYSVILLE 0581
HENRICO COUNTY 077 – BROOKWOOD 0841
HENRICO COUNTY 103 – GLEN ALLEN 0721
HENRICO COUNTY 111 – LAKESIDE 0721
HENRICO COUNTY 115 – STAPLES MILL 0731
HENRICO COUNTY 201 – ADAMS 0701
HENRICO COUNTY 203 – BELMONT 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 206 – CENTRAL GARDENS 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 207 – CHAMBERLAYNE 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 208 – FAIRFIELD 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 209 – GLEN LEA 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 212 – HOLLYBROOK 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 213 – HUNGARY 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 222 – WILDER 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 305 – NUCKOLS FARM 0561
HENRICO COUNTY 307 – RIDGE 0731
HENRICO COUNTY 311 – SHORT PUMP 0561
HENRICO COUNTY 313 – STONEY RUN 0721
HENRICO COUNTY 315 – TUCKER 0731
HENRICO COUNTY 316 – COLONIAL TRAIL 0561
HENRICO COUNTY 401 – QUIOCCASIN 0731
HENRICO COUNTY 404 – FREEMAN 0681
HENRICO COUNTY 404 – FREEMAN 0731
HENRICO COUNTY 406 – GODWIN 0721
HENRICO COUNTY 407 – LAKEWOOD 0721
HENRICO COUNTY 413 – RIDGEFIELD 0721
HENRICO COUNTY 415 – SKIPWITH 0731
HENRICO COUNTY 416 – SPOTTSWOOD 0731
HENRICO COUNTY 502 – BLAIR 0561
HENRICO COUNTY 505 – DOREY 0701
HENRICO COUNTY 509 – LABURNUM 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 511 – MONTROSE 0701
HENRICO COUNTY 512 – NINE MILE 0741
HENRICO COUNTY 513 – PLEASANTS 0741
HENRY COUNTY 005 – PRECINCT #5 0161
HENRY COUNTY 201 – FIELDALE 0161
HENRY COUNTY 203 – HORSEPASTURE #2 0161
HENRY COUNTY 501 – BASSETT NUMBER ONE 0091
HIGHLAND COUNTY 005 – BLUE GRASS 0201
HOPEWELL CITY 101 – WARD ONE 0621
HOPEWELL CITY 501 – WARD FIVE 0621
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 032 – HODGES MANOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0801
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0751
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 202 – CARROLLTON 0641
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 211 – CHRYSLER MUSEUM 0891
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 403 – LONGVIEW 0641
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 504 – ZUNI 0641
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY 601 – COURTLAND 0751
JAMES CITY COUNTY 101 – QUEENS LAKE 0961
JAMES CITY COUNTY 103 – BERKELEY C 0961
JAMES CITY COUNTY 104- BERKELEY D 0931
JAMES CITY COUNTY 202 – JAMESTOWN B 0961
JAMES CITY COUNTY 203 – JAMESTOWN C 0961
JAMES CITY COUNTY 304 – POWHATAN D 0961
JAMES CITY COUNTY 401 – STONEHOUSE A 0961
JAMES CITY COUNTY 412 – PINCHBECK 0731
JAMES CITY COUNTY 502 – NELLYSFORD 0201
KING & QUEEN COUNTY 101 – OWENTON 0981
KING & QUEEN COUNTY 503 – CHICKAHOMINY 0741
KING GEORGE COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT THREE 0881
KING GEORGE COUNTY 602 – SMITH STATION 0541
KING WILLIAM COUNTY 101 – WEST POINT 0981
KING WILLIAM COUNTY 301 – AYLETT 0971
KING WILLIAM COUNTY 401 – MANQUIN 0971
LANCASTER COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 3-1 0991
LANCASTER COUNTY 302 – PRECINCT 3-2 0991
LANCASTER COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT 5-1 0991
LEXINGTON CITY 101 – AIRPORT 0241
LOUDOUN COUNTY 016 – LYON VILLAGE 0481
LOUDOUN COUNTY 209 – POTOMAC FALLS 0341
LOUDOUN COUNTY 303 – HILLSBORO 0331
LOUDOUN COUNTY 305 – PHILOMONT 0101
LOUDOUN COUNTY 312 – BRIAR WOODS 0101
LOUDOUN COUNTY 314 – LEGACY 0871
LOUDOUN COUNTY 401 – WEST LOVETTSVILLE 0331
LOUDOUN COUNTY 401 – WHITE POST 0101
LOUDOUN COUNTY 403 – LUCKETTS 0331
LOUDOUN COUNTY 407 – HARPER PARK 0101
LOUDOUN COUNTY 508 – BALLS BLUFF 0331
LOUDOUN COUNTY 622 – FARMWELL STATION 0321
LOUDOUN COUNTY 707 – CLAUDE MOORE PARK 0871
LOUDOUN COUNTY 709 – MIRROR RIDGE 0871
LOUDOUN COUNTY 710 – STERLING 0871
LOUDOUN COUNTY 818 – BROAD RUN 0321
LOUDOUN COUNTY 820 – BELMONT STATION 0321
LOUISA COUNTY 101 – PALMYRA 0581
LOUISA COUNTY 102 – MECHANICSVILLE 0561
LOUISA COUNTY 201 – COLUMBIA 0651
LOUISA COUNTY 202 – LOUISA #2 0561
LOUISA COUNTY 701 – SHELTONS MILL 0561
LUNENBURG COUNTY 301 – ROSEBUD 0751
LUNENBURG COUNTY 402 – PLEASANT GROVE 0611
LUNENBURG COUNTY 501 – REEDY CREEK 0611
LUNENBURG COUNTY 501 – SOUTH HILL 0611
LUNENBURG COUNTY 502 – PEOPLES COMMUNITY CENTER 0611
LUNENBURG COUNTY 601 – HOUNDS CREEK 0751
LYNCHBURG CITY 101 – BROOKVILLE 0221
LYNCHBURG CITY 102 – FIRST WARD SECOND PRECINCT 0231
LYNCHBURG CITY 102 – NEW LONDON 0221
LYNCHBURG CITY 201 – MONROE 0991
LYNCHBURG CITY 201 – WALKER 0221
LYNCHBURG CITY 301 – THIRD WARD FIRST PRECINCT 0221
LYNCHBURG CITY 303 – THIRD WARD THIRD PRECINCT 0221
LYNCHBURG CITY 401 – CUNNINGHAM 0581
LYNCHBURG CITY 501 – SPRING HILL 0221
LYNCHBURG CITY 506 – MOUNT VERNON 0171
MADISON COUNTY 006 – WOLFTOWN 0301
MANASSAS CITY 002 – WEEMS 0501
MANASSAS CITY 004 – HAYDON 0501
MANASSAS CITY 301 – GRIFFIS 0281
MANASSAS CITY 413 – RIDGEFIELD 0721
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 103 – SOUTH CLARKSVILLE 0611
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 301 – BRACEY 0611
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 502 – PEOPLES COMMUNITY CENTER 0751
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 701 – CHASE CITY 0611
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 702 – MIDWAY 0601
MECKLENBURG COUNTY 802 – BLUESTONE 0611
MIDDLESEX COUNTY 101 – WEST POINT 0981
MIDDLESEX COUNTY 203 – JAMESTOWN C 0961
MIDDLESEX COUNTY 501 – WILTON 0981
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 001 – EAST PRECINCT 0121
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 058 – GLENWOOD 0211
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT A-1 0121
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT B-1 0121
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 401 – PRECINCT D-1 0071
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 402 – PRECINCT D-2 0071
MONTGOMERY COUNTY 503 – PRECINCT E-3 0071
NELSON COUNTY 201 – LOVINGSTON 0591
NELSON COUNTY 216 – MOODY 0741
NELSON COUNTY 401 – ROSELAND 0201
NELSON COUNTY 502 – NELLYSFORD 0201
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 017 – OCEAN PARK 0831
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 107 – RICHNECK 0931
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 201 – BLAND 0941
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 209 – HILTON 0951
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 210 – KNOLLWOOD MEADOWS 0941
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 215 – WARWICK 0941
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 218 – KILN CREEK 0931
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 301 – SEAFORD 0961
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 302 – PRECINCT 3-2 0991
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 303 – CARVER 0951
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 305 – DOWNTOWN 0951
NEWPORT NEWS CITY 312 – NEWSOME PARK 0951
NORFOLK CITY 045 – TIMBERLAKE 0211
NORFOLK CITY 101 – GRANBY 0791
NORFOLK CITY 101 – GRANBY 1001
NORFOLK CITY 203 – GHENT SQUARE 0891
NORFOLK CITY 207 – LAMBERT’S POINT 0891
NORFOLK CITY 209 – HILTON 0951
NORFOLK CITY 212 – PARK PLACE 0891
NORFOLK CITY 215 – SUBURBAN PARK 1001
NORFOLK CITY 218 – WILLARD 0791
NORFOLK CITY 309 – NORVIEW 0901
NORFOLK CITY 402 – BERKLEY 0891
NORFOLK CITY 404 – CAMPOSTELLA 0891
NORFOLK CITY 408 – EASTON 0901
NORFOLK CITY 411 – RUFFNER ACADEMY 0891
NORFOLK CITY 501 – BAYVIEW 0901
NORFOLK CITY 506 – OCEAN VIEW CENTER 1001
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT 5-1 0991
NORTON CITY 004 – FOURTH WARD 0051
NOTTOWAY COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0611
NOTTOWAY COUNTY 401 – PRECINCT 4-1 0611
ORANGE COUNTY 001 – OAK PARK 0301
ORANGE COUNTY 101 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT ONE 0881
ORANGE COUNTY 201 – 2A 0991
ORANGE COUNTY 201 – TWO WEST 0301
ORANGE COUNTY 302 – THREE EAST 0301
PATRICK COUNTY 102 – FLATRIDGE 0051
PATRICK COUNTY 302 – LIBERTY 0091
PETERSBURG CITY 101 – FIRST WARD FIRST PRECINCT 0631
PETERSBURG CITY 601 – SIXTH WARD FIRST PRECINCT 0631
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY 103 – TWIN SPRINGS 0161
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY 105 – CHATHAM 0161
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY 108 – WEST BLAIRS 0161
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY 207 – GRETNA 0161
PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY 305 – RICEVILLE 0161
POQUOSON CITY 001 – CENTRAL 0911
POQUOSON CITY 101 – BERLIN 0751
POQUOSON CITY 202 – KILN CREEK 0931
PORTSMOUTH CITY 014 – BRIGHTON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0801
PORTSMOUTH CITY 022 – ST. MARK DELIVERANCE CENTER 0801
PORTSMOUTH CITY 028 – LAKEVIEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0801
PORTSMOUTH CITY 037 – CHURCHLAND MIDDLE SCHOOL 0801
PORTSMOUTH CITY 039 – CHURCHLAND PRIMARY AND INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL 0791
POWHATAN COUNTY 401 – POWHATAN COURTHOUSE 0651
POWHATAN COUNTY 413 – RIDGEFIELD 0721
POWHATAN COUNTY 503 – TOBACCOVILLE 0651
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 201 – LOCKETT 0601
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 301 – LEIGH 0601
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT 5 0611
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 101 – RICHARD BLAND 0641
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 103 – UNION BRANCH 0641
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 202 – SUTHERLAND 0631
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 205 – JEFFERSON PARK 0621
PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY 205 – JEFFERSON PARK 0641
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 004 – HAYDON 0501
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 006 – WOLFTOWN 0301
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 024 – LARKSPUR 0851
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 101 – COURTHOUSE 0991
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 102 – PRECINCT 1-2 0991
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 103 – GLENKIRK 0131
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 103 – SIMPSON 0881
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 122 – HUTCHISON FARM 0871
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 201 – MONROE 0991
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 202 – AIRLIE 0181
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 202 – ALBIN 0291
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 210 – PENN 0511
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 301 – DAHLGREN 0991
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT THREE 0881
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 303 – BEALETON 0181
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 305 – PATTIE 0311
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 311 – SWANS CREEK 0021
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 320 – STONE HILL 0871
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 402 – FOUR EAST 0301
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 409 – CLARKES GAP 0331
PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY 622 – FARMWELL STATION 0321
PULASKI COUNTY 201 – DRAPER 0071
PULASKI COUNTY 203 – NEWBERN 0071
RADFORD CITY 004 – NEW RIVER PRECINCT 0121
RADFORD CITY 102 – NEW RIVER 0121
RADFORD CITY 103 – PRECINCT A-3 0121
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY 101 – WASHINGTON 0181
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY 201 – AMISSVILLE 0181
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY 401 – SCRABBLE 0181
RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY 502 – FLINT HILL 0181
RICHMOND CITY 101 – FARMVILLE 0601
RICHMOND CITY 101 – OWENTON 0981
RICHMOND CITY 106 – HERMITAGE 0721
RICHMOND CITY 110 – JOHNSON 0731
RICHMOND CITY 111 – LAKESIDE 0721
RICHMOND CITY 209 – GLEN LEA 0741
RICHMOND CITY 220 – RATCLIFFE 0741
RICHMOND CITY 304 – JACKSON DAVIS 0731
RICHMOND CITY 309 – SADLER 0561
RICHMOND CITY 506 – EANES 0701
RICHMOND CITY 510 – MEHFOUD 0701
RICHMOND CITY 514 – ROLFE 0701
RICHMOND CITY 515 – DAVIS 0661
RICHMOND CITY 702 – PRECINCT G-2 0121
ROANOKE CITY 014 – Crystal Spring 0111
ROANOKE CITY 015 – Grandin Court 0171
ROANOKE CITY 019 – Forest Park 0111
ROANOKE CITY 202 – BURLINGTON 0171
ROANOKE CITY 406 – MOUNT PLEASANT 0171
ROANOKE CITY 506 – MOUNT VERNON 0171
ROANOKE COUNTY 102 – GREENFIELD 0191
ROANOKE COUNTY 105 – PETERS CREEK 0171
ROANOKE COUNTY 106 – GREEN HILL 0081
ROANOKE COUNTY 204 – BOTETOURT SPRINGS 0171
ROANOKE COUNTY 206 – HOLLINS 0171
ROANOKE COUNTY 305 – CASTLE ROCK 0081
ROANOKE COUNTY 402 – BONSACK 0171
ROANOKE COUNTY 405 – NORTH LINDENWOOD 0171
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY 102 – BEN SALEM 0241
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY 103 – PLANK ROAD 0241
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY 301 – MAURY RIVER 0241
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY 303 – WINDSOR HILLS 0171
ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY 504 – ROCKBRIDGE 0241
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 101 – FARMVILLE 0601
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 102 – TIMBERVILLE 0261
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 105 – LACEY SPRING 0151
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 108 – LITTLE NORTH MOUNTAIN 0261
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 201 – SINGERS GLEN 0261
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 301 – KEEZLETOWN 0261
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 302 – PORT REPUBLIC 0251
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 401 – WEST BRIDGEWATER 0251
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 402 – MONTEZUMA 0251
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 404 – NORTH RIVER 0251
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 406 – EAST BRIDGEWATER 0251
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 501 – ELKTON 0581
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 504 – SOUTH FORK 0581
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY 505 – STONY RUN 0261
RUSSELL COUNTY 101 – MOCCASIN 0041
RUSSELL COUNTY 302 – DAUGHERTY 0041
RUSSELL COUNTY 303 – NEW GARDEN 0031
RUSSELL COUNTY 403 – ST PAUL 0041
RUSSELL COUNTY 601 –  EAST LEBANON 0041
SALEM CITY 004 – WEST SALEM 0081
SALEM CITY 010 – HIDDEN VALLEY 0081
SHENANDOAH COUNTY 101 – ORKNEY SPRINGS 0151
SMYTH COUNTY 502 – WASSONA 0061
SOUTHAMPTON COUNTY 102 – WALLER MILL 0961
SOUTHAMPTON COUNTY 501 – HUNTERDALE 0751
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 101 – COURTHOUSE 0991
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT TWO 0881
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 202 – SOUTH MADISON 0551
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT THREE 0881
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 303 – RIVERBEND 0881
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 401 – DAWN 0551
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 402 – FOUR EAST 0301
SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY 502 – MILFORD 0551
STAFFORD COUNTY 019 – ROSSLYN 0481
STAFFORD COUNTY 102 – ROCKY RUN 0881
STAFFORD COUNTY 103 – SIMPSON 0881
STAFFORD COUNTY 202 – ROSEVILLE 0021
STAFFORD COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 1 – DISTRICT THREE 0881
STAFFORD COUNTY 302 – REMINGTON 0881
STAFFORD COUNTY 403 – BROOKE 0281
STAFFORD COUNTY 501 – GRAFTON 0281
STAFFORD COUNTY 501 – PRECINCT 5-1 0991
STAFFORD COUNTY 603 – WHITE OAK 0281
STAFFORD COUNTY 604 – ENGLAND RUN 0281
STAFFORD COUNTY 702 – WHITSON 0021
STAFFORD COUNTY 703 – HAMPTON 0881
STAUNTON CITY 204 – MT CLINTON 0261
STAUNTON CITY 301 – FORT DEFIANCE 0251
STAUNTON CITY 301 – WARD NO 3 0201
SUFFOLK CITY 020 – NOBLE STREET BAPTIST CHURCH 0801
SUFFOLK CITY 101 – Key Recreation 0571
SUFFOLK CITY 102 – CYPRESS CREEK 0641
SUFFOLK CITY 102 – DRIVER 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 202 – CHUCKATUCK 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 204 – HILLPOINT 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 302 – JOHN F KENNEDY 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 304 – NANSEMOND RIVER 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 305 – SHOULDERS HILL 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 402 – WHALEYVILLE 0641
SUFFOLK CITY 404 – BOOKER T WASHINGTON 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 603 – ELEPHANTS FORK/WESTHAVEN 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 604 – WILROY 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 605 – HOLLYWOOD 0761
SUFFOLK CITY 702 – HARBOURVIEW 0761
SUSSEX COUNTY 101 – WAVERLY 0751
SUSSEX COUNTY 401 – PRECINCT 4-1 0751
SUSSEX COUNTY 403 – CHERRY HILL 0631
TAZEWELL COUNTY 109 – BISHOP 0031
TAZEWELL COUNTY 204 – CLEAR FORK 0031
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 004 – LINKHORN 0821
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 006 – ALANTON 0821
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 012 – PLAZA 0821
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 026 – FAIRFIELD 0851
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 030 – RED WING 0811
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 038 – WITCHDUCK 0831
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 048 – WOLFSNARE 0821
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 049 – LYNNHAVEN 0821
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 063 – CULVER 0811
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 070 – CORPORATE LANDING 0811
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 076 – VILLAGE 0851
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 080 – CHIMNEY HILL 0841
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 086 – HAYGOOD 0831
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 102 – DRIVER 0761
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 401 – 4A 0991
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 403 – STONEHOUSE C 0961
VIRGINIA BEACH CITY 413 – POPLAR HALLS 0901
WARREN COUNTY 102 – OLD TOWN 0291
WARREN COUNTY 102 – OTTERBURN 0151
WARREN COUNTY 402 – TOWN – WEST SHENANDOAH 0291
WARREN COUNTY 502 – FLINT HILL 0181
WASHINGTON COUNTY 102 – WEST ABINGDON 0041
WASHINGTON COUNTY 203 – HAYTERS GAP 0051
WASHINGTON COUNTY 204 – WOODLAND HILLS 0041
WASHINGTON COUNTY 501 – RHEA VALLEY 0051
WASHINGTON COUNTY 601 – BURSON PLACE 0041
WASHINGTON COUNTY 702 – WALLACE 0041
WAYNESBORO CITY 202 – WALKER 0571
WESTMORELAND COUNTY 101 – COURTHOUSE 0991
WESTMORELAND COUNTY 201 – PRECINCT 2-1 0991
WESTMORELAND COUNTY 301 – PRECINCT 3-1 0991
WILLIAMSBURG CITY 102 – WALLER MILL 0961
WINCHESTER CITY 301 – WAR MEMORIAL 0291
WINCHESTER CITY 302 – NEFF’S TOWN 0331
WINCHESTER CITY 402 – SHENANDOAH 0101
WISE COUNTY 101 – APPALACHIA 0011
WISE COUNTY 104 – WEST POUND 0041
WISE COUNTY 301 – BIG STONE GAP 0011
WYTHE COUNTY 203 – NEWBERN 0071
WYTHE COUNTY 501 – JACKSON MEMORIAL 0061
YORK COUNTY 102 – WALLER MILL 0961
Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical

The 300K VA Ballots Outstanding and At-Risk Claim is Incorrect.

There’s a (IMO frivolous) lawsuit by Mark Elias (here) against the USPO that is causing people to think that there are > 300K outstanding mail-in ballots in VA. According to the VA Dept of Elections data, this is just factually incorrect. There are not 300K outstanding absentee ballots floating around. There is < 100K as per the 11/01/2021 DAL file entries. (Light blue line, logarithmic y axis)

Of the 3 Localities listed in the lawsuit, from the 11/01/2021 DAL File:

ALBEMERLE COUNTYJAMES CITY COUNTYPORTSMOUTH CITY
Total Registered Voters817386196166696
Total Outstanding Mail In Ballots254510611151
Registered / Outstanding * 1003.1%1.7%1.7%

The graph of the breakouts of these 3 counties over time as the DAL files have been updated during the early voting period is shown below. As we see increases in the number of mail in ballots that are in a status state of “Marked” or “Pre-Processed”, we see corresponding decreases in the outstanding “Issued” ballots in all 3 localities. We are NOT seeing a huge buildup of “Issued” ballots that are backlogged as claimed in the lawsuit corresponding to an “October Slowdown” by the USPO. His lawsuit is bunk.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical

GALAX CITY “Marked +/or Pre-Processed” Vote Tally Decreases … why?

I have been working with a number of different groups for GOTV efforts for the 2021 VA Election, as as such I have been archiving and trending the Daily Absentee List (DAL) data files for a while now. One curious case that I’d love to get somebody at VA ELECT to explain, is why the set of (“Marked” +/or “Pre-Processed”) Ballots for GALAX City has suddenly been reduced to near zero.

As background, the DAL is effectively a transaction log of the status of all early and absentee ballots in VA. When a qualified voter requests a by-mail absentee ballot and it is sent to them a DAL record is created in an “Issued” state. Once it is received the record is updated to “Marked”, and once the ballot has been opened and scanned into a tabulator it is updated to “Pre-Processed”.

In the chart below we can see the number of issued ballots increasing, then decreasing as ballots are received and updated to “Marked” or “Pre-Processed”, but then suddenly (starting with the Oct 26th DAL files) we see the “MarkedOrPre” trace drop to near zero. The only line in this graph that I would ever expect to see decreasing is the number of outstanding “Issued” ballots. So … whats going on here?

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical

VA 2020 Election Analysis Report (v5)

Adding on to my previous report (old version is here).

  • Fixed a few typos and formatting issues.
  • Added some discussion about the fact that the VA DOE did correct the turnout statistic error I found, but did not make any sort of statement or explanation as to why the error was there in the first place; why did it go undiscovered for nearly a year until I pointed it out; what procedures and policies are in place to make sure errors like this don’t happen again?
  • Added a section documenting the discovery that a small number of public records have been retroactively adjusted and specific entries are now missing from the public archives regarding the registered voter totals.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical

Comparison of 2020 and 2021 Absentee Breakouts in VA

I got asked a question earlier this evening as to how the current 2021 VA election early vote/absentee data was shaping up in comparison to the 2020, so I did some quick processing and plotting of the Daily Absentee List (DAL) from just after the 2020 election (11-09-2020), and the current DAL as of today (10-21-2021).

The below graphs plot the APP_STATUS=”Approved” entries in the DAL, broken out by BALLOT_STATUS and plotted vs their BALLOT_RECEIPT_DATE. One major difference is that we haven’t had any Federal Write-In Absentee Ballots (FWAB) entered into the DAL in 2021 yet that have a valid BALLOT_RECEIPT_DATE, and the 2020 FWAB counts had a very different general curve than the other ballots. We also had a little less than 1000 ballots entered “On Machine” before early voting started in 2020. We see ballots issued earlier in the year for 2021, but no major “On Machine” counts. Note these graphs are logarithmic in the y-axis for easier viewing, and I had to discard 660 entries for 2020 and 11 entries for 2021 because the BALLOT_RECEIPT_DATE was invalid.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical

More Details on “Ideal” Fingerprint Computations

Per request by a reviewer of my most recent election irregularities report in VA (here), here’s a little more technical detail as to how the “ideal” model is computed in accordance with the original 2012 National Academy of Sciences paper that I based this work off of.

The generalized summary in my report for VA reads as follows:

“The upper right image was computed per the NAS paper; the bottom left image shows what an idealized model of the data could or should look like, based on the reported voter turnout and vote share for the winner. This ideal model is allowed to have up to 3 Gaussian lobes based on the peak locations and standard deviations in the reported Virginia results.”

While that description is absolutely accurate, it glosses over some of the implementation as I didn’t want the reader to go all glassy-eyed on me! A more explicit technical definition is as follows: All of the localized maximal peaks in the 2D histogram that are above pThresh (~= 0.7) x the value of the global maximum peak are used as the centroids of a Gaussian Mixture model, with shared covariance matrix equal to 1.5 x sqrt of the covariance matrix of all of the data points. (Thats a lot of mathematics packed into one sentence, but its accurate!) In the case of the VA per county per cong district data this give us either 2 or 3 peaks dependent on the value that is used for the pThresh threshold. The value of 0.7 was chosen after observing results from multiple states data that I have been doing fingerprint analysis on. The MATLAB imregionalmax(…) function from the Image Processing Toolbox is used to find the candidate localized peaks, and the gmdistribution(…) function from the Statistics toolbox generated the final idealized model.

% HBf is the 2D Histogram image
BW = imregionalmax(HBf);
v = HBf(BW);
[r,c] = find(BW.*HBf >=  max(v(:))*pThresh);
mu = [r,c];
s = 1.5;

cv = diag(diag(s*sqrt(cov(rawData))));
GMModel = gmdistribution(mu,cv);

The end result of this is shown below (bottom left) with the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and number of Gaussian components listed in the title of the bottom left “ideal” plot.

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting technical

VA 2020 Election Analysis Report

Finally. This has been a long time in the making, but here is my summarized report on the most significant VA 2020 General Election irregularities that I’ve discovered. All of this information is presented in detail in previous posts on this site, as well as cataloging many other issues, but I’ve collected the major points here to try and make things easily digestible and accessible to those who are interested.

Special thanks to everyone that helped in putting this together, acquiring deciphering and collating data, performing peer review, etc. I have tried to be as meticulous and as transparent as possible so that others can recreate my results at every stage if they wish to validate.

Note there is a newer updated version of this report (here).

Categories
Election Data Analysis Election Forensics Election Integrity Interesting programming technical

NH 2020 Election Fingerprint

Background:

The US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) published a paper in 2012 titled “Statistical detection of systematic election irregularities.” [1]  The paper asked the question, “How can it be distinguished whether an election outcome represents the will of the people or the will of the counters?” The study reviewed the results from elections in Russia and other countries, where widespread fraud was suspected. The study was published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences as well as referenced in multiple election guides by USAID [2][3], among other citations.

The study authors’ thesis was that with a large sample of the voting data, they would be able to see whether or not voting patterns deviated from the voting patterns of elections where there was no fraud. The results of their study proved that there were indeed significant deviations from the expected, normal voting patterns in the elections where fraud was suspected.

Statistical results are often graphed, to provide a visual representation of how normal data should look. A particularly useful visual representation of election data is the election fingerprint. When used to analyze election data, the election fingerprint typically analyzes the votes for the winner versus voter turnout by voting district. The expected shape of the fingerprint is of that of a 2D Gaussian (a.k.a. “Normal”) distribution [4].  (See this MIT News article for a great additional description and primer on the Gaussian or Normal distribution: https://news.mit.edu/2012/explained-sigma-0209)

 Here is an example reprinted from the referenced National Academy of Sciences paper:

The actual election results in Russia, Uganda and Switzerland appear in the left column, the right column is the expected appearance in a fair election with little fraud, and the middle column is the researchers’ model with fraud included.

As you can see, the election in Switzerland shows a range of voter turnout, from approximately 30 – 70% across voting districts, and a similar range of votes for the winner.  

What do the clusters mean in the Russia 2011 and 2012 elections? Of particular concern are the top right corners, showing nearly 100% turnout of voters, and nearly 100% of them voted for the winner.

Both of those events (more than 90% of registered voters turning out to vote and more than 90% of the voters voting for the winner) are statistically improbable, even for very contested elections. Election results that show a strong linear streak away from the main fingerprint lobe indicates ‘ballot stuffing,’ where ballots are added at a specific rate. Voter turnout over 100% indicates ‘extreme fraud’. [1][5]

Election results with ‘outliers’ – results that fall outside of normal voting patterns – are not in and of themselves definitive proof of outright fraud. But additional reviews of voting patterns and election results should be conducted whenever deviations from normal patterns occur in an election.  Additionally it should be noted that “the absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence”:  Election Fingerprints that look otherwise normal might still have underlying issues that are just simply not readily apparent with this view of the data.

Using this studies methodology, in late 2020 and 2021, multiple researchers in the US have applied the same analysis to the US 2020 election results, as well as the results of previous elections.

The US 2020 Election – New Hampshire:

Source Data:

  1. Registered Voter Data: https://sos.nh.gov/media/00lg4swb/names-on-checklist-general-2020.xlsx
  2. Total Regular and Absentee Ballots Cast: https://sos.nh.gov/media/yi4fonny/ballots-cast-2020-general.xls
  3. Vote Totals: https://sos.nh.gov/media/yjmp5qmd/president-2020.xls
  4. Write-In Totals: https://sos.nh.gov/media/wv3m4jne/presidential-write-ins-2020.pdf
  5. Records of Voter Rolls Pre-Election Day, On Election Day, and marked as Absentee.  (Note that due to personal privacy considerations, this raw dataset is not openly published and the raw data must be obtained via request. The summaries of this dataset is included in the “2020-NH-Combined-Data.csv” file included below)

Election Fingerprint:

The upper right image in the following graphic is the computed election fingerprint, computed according to the NAS paper and using official state reported voter turnout and votes for the statewide winner. The color scale moves from precincts with low counts as deep blue, to precincts with high numbers represented as bright yellow. Note that a small blurring filter was applied to the computed image for ease of viewing small isolated histogram hits.

The bottom left image of the graphic shows what an “idealized” model of the data could look like. The upper right image was computed per the NAS paper; the bottom left image shows what an idealized mixture-of-Gaussian model of the data should look like, based on the reported voter turnout and vote share for the winner.

The top-left and bottom-right plots show the sum of the rows and columns of the fingerprint image. The top-left graph corresponds to the sum of the rows in the upper right image and is the histogram of the vote share for Biden across precincts. The bottom right plot corresponds sum of the columns of the upper right image, and is the histogram of the % turnout across the precincts.

Observations/Conclusions:

  • There does not appear to be any majorly distinct linear correlations, over 100% turnout precincts, or otherwise major red flags even though there is some patterned noise.  The distribution is very large and diffuse, and has a definite skew, which is curious, but not necessarily indicative.  
  • There are a small number of outlier precincts outside of the main distribution lobe, most notably the cluster along the 40% turnout line (Lempster, Newport & Claremont Ward 3), and two precincts above 90% turnout (Randolph & Ellsworth).
  • There are at least two major peaks in the main lobe, which is consistent with the theory of a split electorate.
  • The % Vote Share for Biden plot (Upper-Left) is “lop-sided” and shows a distinct skew in the data above the 40% Vote Share mark.  
  • Looking at the difference between the Total Reported Votes from Source B and Total Votes count from official Source C shows 10,666 unaccounted for votes.  The total number of Write-In votes from Source D was only 1158 and not nearly enough to account for this difference.
  • Looking at the difference between the registered voters from Source E and the Registered voters from Source A, there is a difference of 122,248 registrations.

References:

[1] “Statistical detection of election irregularities” Peter Klimek, Yuri Yegorov, Rudolf Hanel, Stefan Thurner Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Oct 2012, 109 (41) 16469-16473; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210722109 (https://www.pnas.org/content/109/41/16469)

[2] USAID: Assessing and Verifying Election Results: A Decision Makers Guide to Parallel Vote Tabulation and Other Tools (http://web.archive.org/web/20201118021847/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KGWR.pdf)

[3] USAID: A guide to Election Forensics (http://web.archive.org/web/20210501091306/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MXR7.pdf)

[4] Multivariate Normal Distribution – Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate_normal_distribution)

[5] Mebane, Walter R. and Kalinin, Kirill, Comparative Election Fraud Detection (2009). APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1450078

Data Files: